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Authentic Guide 

...TO... 

CHICAGO 

AND THE 

yyORLDS QOLUMBIAN ^POSITION. 





. . PUBLISHED BY . . 

THE MERCHANTS' WORLD'S FAIR BUREAU 

OF INFORMATION CO. 

CHICAGO. 

1893 




AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO 

CHICAGO 



AND THE 



5 1093 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN 

EXPOSITION. 
if ^^ 

toft J ( ' 

/ PUBLISHED BY ^vwaetftft / 

MERCHANTS' WORLD'S FAIR ' 
BUREAU OF INFORMATION COMPANY. 

CHICAGO. 

1893. 



I 



Copyright 1893 by A. J. Burton, 
All rights reserved. 



THE H. 8ELLSCH0PP 



^ PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY 



304 DEARBORN STREET 
CHICAGO 




CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 




BORT BUILDING. 
17-19-21 QUINCY ST. 

This Building is located between 

State and Dearborn Streets, 

Half block east of Post Office. 
The Main Offices of the 

MERCHANTS' 

World's Fair Bureau of Information Co. 

ARE IN THJ§ BUILDING, 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

CHICAGO. 



Preface page 

A Chapter Concerning Chicago - - - n 

Methods of Arrival in the World s Fair City 13 

How To Get About Chicago - - - - 31 

Notable Sights and Objects of Interest - - 37 

THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



The World's Columbian Exposition - - 71 

The Journey to the Fair - - - - - 83 

A Tour of the Grounds - - - 89 

Midway Plaisance - - - - - 203 

Random Notes - - - - -. - 210 



CHICAGO 



AND THE 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN 
EXPOSITION 



I. 

A CHAPTER CONCERNING CHICAGO. 



PEW, indeed, were there on that memorable morning of the 10th 
October, 1871, looking over the charred and calcined ruins of 
Chicago, but a few short hours before "in one red burial 
blent," who had faith prophetic enough to picture the gruesome ruins 
as the Garden City of to-day, the smouldering site as the heart of the 
commerce of America, or that morass and swamp to the s uithward 
as the home of the mighty World's Columbian Exposition, the 
Marvel City of America. True it is, that the indomitable resolve of 
the citizens soon began to assert itself. As is well said by Ki kland 
in his story of Chicago, ' Man had built Chicago and could build it 
again." Some one, he tells us, saw a 'burnt-outer' pick up a 
brick from his ruins and asked him what he was looking for. 
'Looking to see how soon they will be cool enough to lay again,' said 
he. "The most extravagant prediction of a representative Chicagoan 
of those days was, "By the year 1900 the new Chicago will boast a 
population of one million souls." To-day (1893) the city contains 
over a million and a quarter inhabitants! It required the prophetic 
vision of a Whittier to 

"Hear the tread of pioneers 

Of nations yet to be; 
The first low wash of waves, where soon 
Shall roll a human sea." 
Necessarily very limited as the space at the compiler's disposal 
is, equally small seems the need for any historical details concerning 
a city essentially of the present. In 1801, the site was a sluggish 
swamp; by 1811, it has progressed to the minor importance of a small 
military post, shortly afterward abandoned and the scene of the 
sanguinary Fort Dearborn massacre; in 1831, it was a village of 12 
houses; in 1841, an incorporated city with 5,752 inhabitants; in 1871, 
rich, proud and maginificent, but suddenly, on that teruble October 
night, all but swept out of existence; and now, in 1893, the greatest 
railroad centre, the largest live stock market and primary grain port 
of the world, the chosen site of the most magnificent exposition the 
world has ever seen. This is Chicago, and of her may America well 
be proud. 



PREFACE. 



The first requisite of a stranger visiting the 
World's Fair City, is, without a doubt, an accu- 
rate, concise, and intelligent guide book. How 
much more is such a guide an essential to a 
visitor to that vast architectural triumph; well 
called "The White City?" Its mammoth buildings 
and myriad exhibits are indeed bewildering 
without one. Many books are prepared, but few 
possess any merit (other than in their publish- 
er's eyes, as a medium for every profitable ad- 
vertising). 

The Merchant's World's Fair Bureau of In- 
formation, conscious of the first want, and ever 
careful of the needs of their patrons, determined 
at the very inception of their undertaking to 
have specially prepared, by an expert and highly 
qualified writer, an authentic, and accurate Guide 
to Chicago and the World's Fair, expressly writ- 
ten for their use,' concise yet clear, intelligent 
and thoroughly up to date; this guide has been 
prepared by a resident of Chicago who has, from 
the very inception of the Exposition, been 
almost daily upon the World's Fair grounds or 
in its buildings, collecting authentic and exclu- 
sive information and data. A perusal of its 
pages will enable the reader, readily, easily, and 
intelligently to find his "way around the sights 
of the World's Fair City and thoroughly to ex- 
plore, with the least waste of time, the multi- 
tudinous wonders of the greatest Exposition the 
universe has ever beheld. 



Chicago, January, 1893. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 13 

II. 

THE METHODS OF ARRIVAL IN THE 
WORLD'S FAIR CITY. 



Turning at once without further digressi >n to the practical needs 
of the tourist as most suited to the pages of a practi-jal pocket guide, 
we proceed to consider the various routes open to him whereby to 
arrive at or depart from Chicago. 

PASSENGER DEPOTS OF CHICACO. 

The passenger depots of the chief railroads entering in to Chicago 
are conveniently situated n ar the business center of the city, and 
a considerable number of the railroad companies do a large surburban 
business. The principal depots are as follows: 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Central Depot, Polk Street 
and Third Ave. 

Baltimore & Ohio, Grand Central D^pot, Fifth Avenue and 
Harrison Street. 

Chicago & Erie, Central Depot, Folk Street and Third Avenue. 

Chicago & Alton, Central Depot, Canal and Adams St. (West 
Side). 

Chicago & Eastern Illinois, Central Depot, Polk St. and Third 
Ave. 

Chicago & Grand Trunk, Central Depot, Polk Street and Third 
Avenue. 

Chicago & Northern Pacific, Central Depot, Fifth Avenue and 
Harrison St. 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, Central Depot, Canal and Adams 
Streets, [West Side). 

Chicago & North Western, Central Depot, Wells and Kenzie 
Street, (North Side.) 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Central Depot, Canal and 
Adams Street. (West Side). 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Central Depot, Van Buren and 
Sherman Streets. 

Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City, now called Chicago Great 
Western, Central Depot, Harrison Street and Fifth Avenue. 



u 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 15. 

Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, (Big Four), Cen- 
tral Depot, foot of Lake Street. 

Illinois Central, Central Depot, foot of Lake Street. (The new 
depot of this company, now in the course of erection is located at 
the foot of Park Row, but trains for the World's Fair traffic will run 
as usual from Van Buren Street and the Lake Front, opposite where 
the steamboats for the lake trip to the World's Fair start). 

Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Central Depot, Van Buren 
and Sherman Streets. 

Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, (Monon Route), Central 
Depot, Polk Street and Third Avenue. 

Michigan Central, Central Depot, foot of Lake Street. 

Pennsylvania Company, Central Depot, Canal and Adams Street, 
(West Side). 

Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago, Central Depot, Canal and 
Adams Street, (West Side). 

Wabash Railroad, Central Depot, Polk Street and Third Avenue. 

Wisconsin Central, now a portion of the Chicago & Northern 

Pacific system, Central Depot, Fifth Avenue and Harrison St. 

Elevated R. R. 

These railroads will give the traveller excellent opportunities of 
viewing the surb urban part of Chicago, many pretty towns having 
grown up for 50 miles out along these lines. 

When the visitor arrives at any of these depots, coming to visit 
the World's Fah\ a word or two of caution is necessary for his guid- 
ance. 

The police force of Chicago though numbering 2 70 men, is 
unfortunately too small by half, and as a consequence every scheme 
and device for defrauding the stranger and the unwary flourishes. 
The safest plan is to have no dealings or conversation with anybody 
who desire to force his acquaintance upon a stranger, or afford him in- 
formation, or conduct hi n to any place, unless these persons wear the 
police uniform, or are dressed in the uniform of the efficient guides 
of the Merchant s World's Fair Bureau of Information Company. 

Above all, be wary of the man who pretends that he knows you, 
and knows where you come from. He is general y a bunko steerer, 
or a " capper" for a shell game. 



i6 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT, 

Fifth Avenue and Harrison Street. 




LAKE SHORE DEPOT, 
Van Buren and Sherman Streets. 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 17 

The average visitor, it is presumed, knows what a bunko steerer 
means. It would be well to tell the visitor never to show his money 
to a stranger, or trust his satchel with anyone with whom he is not 
perfectly acquainted. 

Avoid all great bargains offered to you in the street, it is not 
the custom in this city to do legitimate business in such a manner. 
The average sensible and sober traveller need fear nothing if he is 
only a trifle circumspect. The streets, in seasonable hours, are as 
safe as his own house if he will only mind his own affairs and take 
care that other people do the same. It is only the "sucker" who, 
wandering after sights, (some of them more amu-ing than polite,) 
falls in the way of "Captain Shark" and his gang. 

The principal depots of Chicago, as has been before stated, are 
close to the business center, and are served by a network of street car 
lines. In addition to this a competent supply of public conveyances 
are to be found at every railroad depot. Parme'ee's Omnibusses are 
thoroughly reliable and will convey the traveler to any of the hotels 
and check his baggage at reasonable rates. His officials board all 
trains before they reach Chicago, are in uniform, and may be relied 
upon implicitly. For the guidance of the stranger a full copy of the 
hack ordinance is here printed so that he may avoid imposition upon 
the part of the Chicago Cabmen, who have an unfortunate habit 
(common to all' cabmen) of taking all they can get of a stranger. 

HACK ORDINANCE. 

Rates of Fare for Hacks, Cabs, and other Two- 
horse Vehicler — For conveying one or two passengers from 
one railroad depot to another railroad depot, $1. For conveying 
one or two passengers not exceeding one mile, $1. For conveying 
one or two passengers any distance over one mile and less than two 
miles $1.50. For each additional two passengers of same party or 
family, 50 cents. For conveying one or two passengers in said city 
any distance exceeding two miles, $2- For each additional passenger 
of the same party or family, 50 cents. For conveying children 
between five and fourteen years of age, half the above price may be 
charged for like distances; but for children under five years of age no 
charge shall be made — provided that the distance from any railroad 
depot, steamboat landing, or hotel, to any other rairoad depot, 
steamboat landing, or hotel, shall in all cases be estimated as 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 






. 



:.-:.". . _ - --- . _.,. - .. _ . _'. 



CENTRAL DEPOT, 

Polk Street anl Thiri Avenue. 





UNION DEPOT, 
Canal and Madison Streets. 



WORLD S: COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 19 

not exceeding one mile. For the use by day of any hackney coach 
or other vehicle -drawn by two horses or other animals, with one or 
more passengers, per day, £8- For the use of any such cariiage or 
vehicle by the hour, with one or more passengers, with the privilege 
01 going from place to place, and stopping as often as may be 
required, as follows : For the first hour, $2; for each additional hour 
or part of an hour, $1. Every passenger shall be allowed to have 
conveyed upon such vehicle, without charge, his ordinary traveling 
baggage, not exceeding in any case one tr nk and twenty-five pounds 
of other baggage. For every additional package, where the whole 
weight of baggage is over one huimre I pounds, if conveyed to any 
place within the city limits, the owner or driver sha 1 be permitted to 
charge 1") cents. 

HANSOM CAB ORDINANCE. 

Rates of Fare for Hansom Cabs and Other One- 
horse Vehicles. — The price or rate of fare to be asked or 
demanded by the owners or drivers of cabs or other vehicles drawn by 
one horse or other animal for the conveyance of passengers for hire, 
shall be not more than as foMows: One mile, or fraction thereof, for 
one or more passengers for the first mile, 50 cents. One mile, or fraction 
thereof, for any distance after first mile, for one or more passengers, 
~5 cents. For the first hour, 75 cents. For each quarter hour addi- 
tional after first hour; £0 cents. Fo service outside of the city 
limits and in the parks, for the first hour, $1. For each quarter- 
hour additional after the first hour, 25 cents. The provision regard- 
ing amount of baggage allowed free, and rates of charge for excess, 
is the same as in the Hack Ordinance. 

Omnibus and Baggage Transfer Rates — Omnibuses 
run between all the depots and to all the principal hotel-, connecting 
with all the passenger trains. The rate of fare to or from an depot 
or hotel is 50 cents, payable in e* change for a ticket to the agent on 
train or to the collector in the vehicle. Tim price charged by the 
same company (Parmelee's) for transferring baggage to or from any 
train, and to or from any place within the city limits, is 50 cents for 
the first piece and 25 cents for each piece additional. 

THE HOTELS OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO. 

It is doubtful if any other city in the United States or in the 
World is so well supplied with hotels in which the tourists or visitor 



20 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




LIBBY PRISON WAR MUSEUM. 




SCENE ON THE CHICAGO RIVER. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 21 

can be housed in comparative comfort or superlative splendor, accord 
ing to the state of his pocket. 

There are "all sorts and conditions" of hot els in Chicago, rang- 
ng in price from $40.00 a day down to $1.00. In fact, with regard 
to them it is only a case of the old adage " you pay your money ana 
take your choice". While they will be, on occasions, ta. ed to their 
utmost in Chicago during the World's Fair, so that the safe t plan 
J s to secure accomodations beforehand, still the average visiter need 
not fear that he will be required to sleep in a freight car or slumbci 
on the Lake Front. 

A list of the principal hotels, with rates, are here given. The 
principal ones in the business portion of the city are: 

Grand Pacific, (American) Clark Street, cor. Jackson Street. 

Great Nothern, (American) Dearborn Street, cor. Jackson Street, 

Sherman Hous~, (American) Clark Street, cor. Randolph Street. 

Tremont, (American) Dearborn Street, cor. Lake Street. 

Auditorium, (american and European) Michigan Avenue, cor. 
Congress Street. 

Leland, (American and European) Michigan Avenue, cor. Jackson 
Street. 

Palmer House, (American and European) State Street, corner 
Monroe Street. 

Richelieu, (American and European) Michigan Avenue near. 
Jackson Street. 

Wellington, (American and European) Wabash Avenue Cor. 
Jackson Street. 

On the route to and in the neighborhood of the Exposition are 
the following hotels: 

Alabama Hotel, (American and European) Bowen and Berkley 
A'venues. Rates $2.50 to $3.C0. 

Alhambra Hotel, (American) State and Archer Avenue. R tes 
$2.50 to $150. 

Chicago Beach Hotel, Fifty first and East End Avenue. Rates 
$400 to $15.00. 

Clarendon Hotel (American) Clark and Ontario Streets. Rates, 
$2.50 to $4.00. 

Columbia Hotel (American and European) Thirty-first and State 
Street. Rates, $2.00 to $4.00. 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




SHERMAN HOUSE. 







HOTEL WELLINGTON. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 2J 

Columbia European Hotel, (European) 196 Fifty-first Street. 
Rates, $1.50 and up. 

Columbian Hotel, Seventy-third Street and Kinney Avenue. 

Commercial Hotel, (American) 243 bixty-third Street, (Engle- 
wood). Rates, $2.00 and upwards. 

Cornell Avenue Hotel, (European), Cornell Avenue between 5'st 
and 5. nd Street Rates, $1.50 to $4.00. 

Englewood World's Fair Hotel, (Ameiican and European), 
Si ty-first and State Streets. 

Exhibitors Union, Stony Island Avenue raid Seventy first Street. 
1C00 rooms. 

The Exposition Depot Hotel, (European), Cor. Seventy first 
and Avenue B. Rates $1.00 and up. 300 rooms. 

The Fami'y Dormitory Association, Yates Avenue and Seventy- 
fifth Street. 750 rooms. 

Grand Crossing Hotel, (American), Seventy-sixth Street and 
Woodlawn Avenue. Rate f 2.00. 

Great Eastern Hotel, (Euiopean), Sixtieth Street and St. Law- 
rence Avenue. 1,1C0 rooms. 

Greenwood Avenue Hotel, (American), Greenwood Avenue and 
Grand Crossing. Rate fl.00. 

Great Western Hotel, Seventy-third Street and Stoney Island 
Avenue. 

Hampden Hotel, (American and European), Thirty-ninth and 
Langley Avenue. Rates $2.00 to $5.00. 

Hyde Park Hotel, (American), Fifty-first and Lake Avenue. 
Rates, $3.00 to $8.00. 

Hotel Alvord, (American), N. W. Cor. Oak wood Boulevard and 
Cottage Grove Avenue. Rates f 2 00. 

Hotel Beatrice, (European), Cor. Fifty-seventh Street and 
Madison Avenue. Ratej, $2.50. to $5.00. 

Hotel Buckner, (American and European), 5479 Lake Avenue. 
Rates $2.50 and up. 

Hotel Caldwell, (American and European), 315 Sixty-third 
Street. (Englewood). Rates, American, $2.00 and up; European, 
$1.00 to $3.00. 

Hotel Concord, (American), 1836 to 18*0 WabasBl Avenue. 
Rates |2.00 to $4.00. 



24 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL. 




PALMER HOUSE. 



WORLD,S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 25 

Hotel Damon, (European), for Knights of Pythias and friends, 
Sixty-fourth and Wentworth Avenue. Rates $1.00 and up. 

Hotel Delaven, (European), Ontario and Clark. Rates, $1.00 
to $2.50. 

Hotel Drexel, (American) 3956 Drexel Boulevard. Rates, $2.00 
to $4.00. 

Hotel Endeavor, Lake Shore south of Seventy-first Street. 

Hotel Edwards, (American), 228 to 206 Washington Boulevard. 
Kates, $1.50 to $2.50. 

Hotel Gresham, (European and American), 2246 Wabash Ave. 
Rates, $1.50 to $3.00. 

Harvard, (American and European) 5714 Washington Avenue. 
Rates, $2.00 and up. 

Hotel Helene, (European and American), 108 to 114 Fifty-third 
Street. Rates $1.50 to $3.00. 

Hotel Holland, (American and European), Fifty-third and Lake 
Avenue. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00. 

Howard, (European), 6802 and 6804 Yale Avenue, (Englewood). 
Rates, $1.00 and up. 

Hotel Metropole (American and European) Twenty-third and 
Michigan Avenue. Rates, 4.00 to $15.00. 

Hotel Nor walk, (American and European,) opposite South Park 
Station. Rates i2.C0 and up. 

Hotel Royal, (American and European), 518 Sixty-third Street, 
Englewood Kates American $2 00, European ^1.00. 

Ho el Security, (European), Stoney Islan 1 Avenue and Seventy - 
thi d Street. 

Hotel Stockholm, (European), 54 and 56 Chicago Avenue. 
Rates 75c. to $1 00. Swedish. 

Hotel Svea, (American), 129 to 133 East Chicago Avenue. 
Kates, $l.r0 to $2.00. Swedish. 

Hotel Vendome, (American and European), Fifty-fifth Street 
and Monroe Avenue. Rates, American $1.50 to $2.50, European 
50c. to $1.00. 

Hotel Vendome, (American), Centre and North Park Avenues. 
Rates, $2. 00 to $4.00. 

Hotel Veteran, 7302 Stony Island Avenue. 



26 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




TREMONT HOU^ 







EST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 2*] 

Hotel Willard, (American), Eighteenth and Wabash Avenues. 
Rales, $2.50 to $3.50. 

Hotel Woodruff, (American), 2103 Wabash Avenue. Rates 
$2 50 to $5X0. 

Jackson Park Hotel and Restaurant, (American and European). 
135 Fifty sixth Stieet. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00. 

Julian Hotel, (American), Sixty-third and Stewart Avenue 
Rarest' 03 to $6 00. 

Libby liotel, (European), 1.14 and 1-116 Wabash Avenue. 
Rates, $1X0 to $2.50. 

Lexington Hotel, (American), Twenty second and Michigan 
Avenue. Rates $3.50 to $2500 

1 he Mecca Hotel, (American and European), Thirty-fourth and 
State Streets. Rates, $1.00 to $100. 

Morgan House, Sixty-second Street. Rates, $1 00 and up. 

New England Hotel. Seventy-third and Stony Island Avenue. 
240 rooms. 

The Oak View, (European) Sixtie h Street and Edgerton Ave- 
nue. Rates, $1.(0 and up. 

Oakland Hotel, (American and European), Oakwood Avenue and 
Drexel Boulevara. Rates $2.50 to $5X0. 

Park House, (European), cor. Eifty-sixth and Lake Avenue 
(Hyde Park). Rates $2X0 and up. 

The Park Gate Hotel, Sixty-third Street and Stony Island Ave- 
nue. 

Parkside Hotel, (European), Stony Island Avenue and Sixty- 
third. Rates $2 fftto$6.00 

Paxton Hotel. (American and European^, J - tate and Twenty-fifth 
Sheets. Rates $1X0 to $3.00. 

The Pullman Hotel, (American and European' 1 , Fify fifth 
Street and Washington and Madison A^venues. Rales, ij2.0) to $'.00. 

Raymond and YYhitcomb Grand Hotel, Washington Avenue and 
Fifty ninth for Raymond and Whitccmb tourists, 387 rooms. 

Soldier's World's Fair Hotel, Seventy-third Place and Stony 
Island Avenue. 

Southern Hotel (American) Twenty-second and Wabash Ave- 
nue. Rates $2.00 to $4.00. 

South Shore Hotel, Seventy-third Street and Bond Avenue. 



28 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




THE CRIB. 




SCENE ON THE CHICAGO RIVER. 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 29 

South Shore Tenting Company. 

Strickland Hotel, (European), Lake Avenue, between Thirty- 
eighth and Thirty-ninth. Rates, $1.50 to $6.00. 

Transit House, (American), Union Stock Yards. Rates, $2.00 
to $3.0'J. 

Union Park Hotel, (European), 517 to 521 West Madison Street. 
Rates, $1.00 to $2.00. 

The Woman's Dormitory Association, Ellis Avenue and Forty- 
third Street. 750 rooms. 

Westminster Hotel, (American), 264 and 266 North Clark 
S reet. Rates, 2.00 to $3.50. 

White House, (American), 21C8 to 2110 Wabash Avenue. 
Rates, $2.00 to $3.50. 

Wyndham Ho'el, (American), 2932 and 2934 Prairie Avenue. 
Rates, $2.00 to $3.50. 

Yorkshire Hotel, (American), 1837 Michigan Avenue. Rates, 
$2.50 to $3.50. 

RESTAURANTS. 

Good Restaurants are the rule rather than the exception in 
Chicago . They abound in all parts of the city . They are usually 
reasonable as regards prices. The following is a list of some of the 
prieciple places where the "inner man" can be satisfied: 

Kinsley's, 105 Adams st. The Palmer House Restaurant, 38 
Monroe St. The Grand Pacific Hotel Restaurant, La Salle and 
Jackson sts. ITotel Richelieu, 185 Michigan ave. Hotel Welling- 
ton, corner of Wabash ave. and Jackson st. Chapin & Gores, 73 
Monroe st. Kern's, 108 La Salle st. Thompson's, 153 Dearborn st. 
The Tacoma, corner Madison and La Salle sts. McCoy's Hotel, 
corner South Clark and Van Buren sts. Gore's Hotel, 266 South 
Clark st. Boston Oyster House, 141 Clark st. Rector's, corner of 
Clark and Monroe sts. Lakeside, southwest corner of Adams and 
Clark sts. The Chicago Oyster House, 140 Madison st. 

There are also numerous lunch counters such as the Columbian, 
148 Monroe st. Kohlsaat's 196 Clark st., 83 Lake St., 324 Dearborn 
St., 130 Washington St., 175 Jackson St., and Coyne's, 164 Madison 
st, 



3° 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




Tacoma Building. 




Residence— Franklin MeVeagh. 



III. 

HOW TO GET ABOUT CHICAGO. 



In case of any doubt as to reaching rooms or hotel by the car 
lines, which have a uniform fare of 5 cents for each person, the safest 
plan is to inquire of a police officer as to the proper car to take, and 
be guided by his advice. 

A list of the principal street car routes and elevated railroads 
are here given for the guidance of tourists: 

South Side.. — Fare, 5 cents. Transfers to or from any of the 
main or branch lines may be had from the conductor without ad- 
ditional charge. 

Wabash Avenue and Cot age Grove Avenue Cable lines — Trains 
bearing signs " Hyde Park" run on Wabash to Twenty-second, to 
Cottage Grove, to Fifty-fifth Street, to Jefferson, to Fifty-sixth, to 
Lake Avenue. Time, fifty- three minutes. 

Trains bearing sign " 71st st. and Oakwoods" run same as above 
to Fifty-fifth Street, continuing on Cottage Grove to Seventy-first. 
Time, fifty-five minutes. 

Indiana Avenue cars are attached to the Wabash and Cottage 
Grove Cable trains as far south as Eighteenth Street, whence they 
are drawn by horses east to Indiana Avenue, and south to Fifty-first 
Street. 

Horse cars run from Washington Street, south on Clark to Van 
Buren, and east on Van Buren to Wabash Avenue, transferring pas- 
sengers there to the Cottage Grove cable line. 

State Street Cable line — Trains bearing sign "39th" run south on 
State Street to Thiity-ninth. Time, thirty minutes. All oth r 
State Street cable lines run to Sixty third Street. Time, forty-six 
minui.es. 



[31] 



32 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Archer Avenue cars attached to State Street Cable trains are 
dropped at Archer Avenue, and horses draw them to Thirty-eighth 
Street and Kedzie Avenue on Archer Avenue. Time, sixty -two 
minutes. 

Wallace, Hanover and Butler streets cars, attached to State Street 
cable trains, are dropped at Archer Avenue, thence by horses on 
Archer to Hanover, to Twenty-ninth Street, to Butler Street, to 
Thirty first Street, to Wallace, to Thirty-ninth. Time, forty min- 
utes. 

From the State Street cable, passengers may be transferred to: 

Twenty-second Street line Cottage Grove Avenue to South 
Branch Chicago River. 

Twenty-sixth Street line, Cottage Grove Avenue to Halsted 
Street. 

Thirty-first Street line, Illinois Central tracks (lake shore) to 
South Branch Chicago River. 

Thirty-fifth to Stanton Avenue — From State Street to Stanton 
Avenue, to Thirty-ninth Street. 

Thirty ninth Street and Stock Yards line, Cottage Grove Avenue 
to Wentworth Avenue, to Root Street, to Stock Yards. 

Forty-third Street line, Illinois Central tracks to State, to Root 
Street, to Stock Yards. 

Forty-seventh Street line, State to Ashland Avenue. 

Fifty-first Street line, State to Grand Boulevard (Washington 
Park.) 

Sixty-first Street or Woodlawn line, State to Cottage Grove 
Avenue, to Sixty-third, to Illinois Central tracks. 

Sixth-third Street line, on Sixty-first Street, State to Wentworth 
Avenue, to Sixty third, to Ashland Avenue. 

Auburn Park line, on Sixty-first Street, State to Wentworth 
Avenue, to Vincennes Avenue, to Seventy-ninth, to Halsted. 

Sixty- ninth Street line, on State, Sixty-fourth Street, to Vincen- 
nes Avenue, to Sixty ninth, to Leavitt Street. 

Wentworth Avenue line, from Washington Street, on Clark, to 
Archer Avenue, to Wentworth Avenue, to Sixty-third. 

Halsted Street line — Horse cars connect with the West Side 
street cars at Halsted and O'Neil streets, running on Halsted to 
Sixty-ninth Street. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. S3 

Ash and Avenue line — From Archer Avenue, on Ashland, to 
Sixty-ninth Street. 

These lines transfer passengers east or west on any of the cross - 
town lines intersecting them. 

Elevated Raiway — This line extends from Congress Street 
on the alley between State Street and Wabash Avenue. The stations 
are: Congress Street, Twelfth, Eighteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty- 
sixth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty-first, Thirty- third, Thirty-fifth, Thirty- 
ninth, Indiana Avenue (here the line crosses to the alley between 
Prairie and Culumet avenues\ Forty-third, Forty-seven h, Fifty-first, 
Fifty-fifth, Fifty-eighth, Sixiy-first, South Park, Cottage Grove, 
Lexington. Madison, Stoney Island, and Jackson Park. Fare, 5 
cents 

Northwest Side. — Fare, 5 cents — Milwaukee Avenue Cable 
line, from Madison, on La Salle to Randolph, to Fifth Avenue, to 
Washington, through tunnel to Desplaines, to Milwaukee Avenue, to 
Armitage Avenue. Forty minutes. 

Milwaukee and North Avenue line, via Milwaukee Avenue 
cable to West North Avenue, to Fortieth Street. Forty-five min- 
utes. 

Noble Street line, via Milwaukee Avenue cable to Noble Street, 
to Blackhawk, to Holt, to North Avenue, to Ashland Avenue, to 
Clybourn Place, to Wood Street. Forty minutes. 

Indiana Street line — From State, on Randolph to Halsted, to In 
diana, to Western Avenue. Forty minutes. 

West Side — Fare 5 cents. Lake Street line — From State on 
Lake Street, to West Fortieth Street. Fifty minutes. 

Randolph Street line — From State, on Randolph and West Lake 
to Western Avenue. Thirty-five minutes. 

Madison Street Cable line— From La Salle and Madison through 
Washington Street tunnel, and on West Madison to West Fortieth 
Street Thirty-five minutes. 

Ogden Avenue line — From La Salle and Madison, via Madison 
Street cable to Ogden Avenue, thence on Ogden Avenue to Millard 
Avenue. Fifty-five minutes. 

Harrison and Adams Street line — From Michigan Avenue, on 
Adams, to Deplaines, to Harrison, to Western Avenue. Forty min- 
utes. 



34 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Center Avenue and Adams Street line — From Michigan Avenue 
on Adams to Center Avenue, to Twenty-first Street, to . Western 
Avenue Fifty minutes. 

Van Buren Street line — From State, on Madison, to Fifth 
Vvenue, to Van Buren, to Western Avenue. Forty minutes. 

Also from State, on Van Buren, to Kedzie Avenue. Forty min 
utes. 

Blue Island Avenue line — From Washington, on State, to Madi 
son, to Clinton, to Adams, to Halsted, to Blue Island Avenue, to 
Western Avenue. Fifty minutes. 

South Halsted Street line — From State, on Randolph, to Hal 
sted, to O'Neil Street, connecting with Halsted Street cars of the 
South Side system. Forty minutes. 

Clinton and Jefferson Street line — From State, on Randolph^ to 
Clinton, to Twelfth, to Jefferson, to Meagher Street. Thirty-five 
m nutes. 

Taylor Street line — From Washington, on Michigan Avenue, to 
Adams, to Fifth Avenue, to Harrison, to Canal, to Taylor, to Wes- 
tern Avenue. Forty minutes. 

Twelfth Street line — From Randolph, on State, to Madison, to 
Fifth Avenue, to Twelfth Street, to Douglas and Central Paik Bou 
levard. Forty-five minutes. 

Also from State, on Van Buren, to Jefferson, to Twelfth, to 
Douglas and Central Park Boulevard. Fifty minutes. 

Eighteenth Street line — From State, on Randolph, to Halsted, 
to Eighteenth, to Leavitt, to Blue Island Avenue. Sixty minutes. 

Canalport Avenue line — From State, on Washington, to Clinton, 
to Harrison, to Canal, to Canalport Avenue, to Halsted, to O'Neil 
Forty minutes. 

Ashland Avenue and Sangamon Street line — From Michigan 
Avenue, on Adams, to Sangamon, to Austin Avenue, to Centre A ve- 
to Erie, to Ashland Avenue, to Clybourn Place. Fifty-five minutes 

North Side System — Fare, 5 cents. —City Limits Cable 
line — From Monroe, on Dearborn, to Randolph, to La Salle, 
through tunnel to Illinois, to Clark, to Diversey Avenue. Thirty 
minutes. 

Also from Monroe, on Dearborn, to Randolph, to La Salle? 
through tunnel to Illinois, to Wells to Clark (at Wisconsin Street;* 
to Diversey Avenue. Thirty minutes. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 35 

Lincoln Avenue Cable line — Two routes same as above, to Clark 
and Center Streets; from Clark, on Center, to Lincoln Avenue, to 
Wright wood Avenue, connecting here with several minor horse-car 
lines. Thirty-five minutes 

Clark Street, Fullerton and Webster Avenue line — Via Lincoln 
Avenue cable to Lincoln and Fullerton Avenues, on Fullerton Ave- 
nue, to Racine. Avenue, to Webster Avenue. Forty Minutes. 

Garfield A^venue and Center Street line — Via Lincoln Avenue 
cable to Lincoln and Garfield Avenues, on Garfield Avenue, to Racine 
Avenue. Forty minutes. 

Clybourn Avenue line — Via Wells Street cable to Division 
Street, on Division, to Clybourn Avenue, to Fullerton Avenue. 
Forty-five minutes. 

Sedgwick Street line — From Washington, on Clark, to Kinzie, 
to Market, to Division, to Sedgwick, to Center Street. Thirty 
minutes. 

Larrabee Street line — From Washington, on Clark, to Kinzie, 
to Market, to Chicago Avenue, to Larrabee, to Lincoln Avenue. 
Thirty-five minutes. 

Halsted Street line — Via Clybourn Avenue cable to Halsted, to 
Evanston Avenue. Fifty minutes. 

Division Street line — Via Clybourn Avenue cable to Division 
to Milwaukee Avenue. Thirty-five minutes. 

State and Division Streets line— From Lake, on State, to Div- 
ision, to Clark. Fifteen minutes. 



36 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




Scene in Lincoln Park. 




Scene in South Park. 



IV. 

NOTABLE SIGHTS AND OBTECTS OP 
INTERESTS. 



It is a strange fact that Chicago — once a flat and marshy waste 
— should rank with any city in the world, for the beauty of its parks 
and boulevards. Stranger still, the fact, that she has reversed the 
Scriptural injunction and unlike the wise man of old, "built upon the 
sand", the largest, loftiest and most magnificent buildings ever yet 
constructed. These form, perhaps, the most "notable sights and ob- 
jects of interest",to those unfamiliar with the wondeis andbeauties of 
the great World's Fair City. Let us take first a drive along these 
boulevards, which completely encircle the city and through the sue . 
cession of beautiful parks; thus we catch a glimpse of Artistic 
Chicago. Later, we can view those world-famed buildings which 
fitly illustrate Commercial Chicago, and which are among the many 
things to be seen in the World's Fair city. 

PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. 

Starting from the foot of Michigan Avenue we drive s uthward, 
along that wide and level bou'evard, passing innumerable residences 
of beauty and magnificence and arrive at 35th Street; turning east- 
ward on this street we strike Grand Boulevard, which en ers Wash- 
ington Park, at 51st Street. 

Washington Park is about six miles from the center of the 
city and covers 400 acres. This park is noted especial y for its 
"Meadow", a beautiful expense of greensward and a picturesque body 
of water called the "mere '. Among other interesting features there 
is an immense conservatory, for propagating the myiiad variety of 
plants and flowers, which constitute the chief beauty of the Park. 

Washington Park may be reached by taking Cottage Grove 
Avenue cars. This line extends along the entire eastern border of 

[37J 



38 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

the park. The Alley South Side Elevated, may be taken from 
Congress street to Washington Park. The cable car fare is only 
five cents each way. The regular suburban trains on either the 
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, or the Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific Railway (running out of the same depot, at Van 
Buren and Sherman streets) will land passengers on Garfie'd boule- 
vard (55th and Clark streets) about one mile west of Washington 
Park. 

Another magnificent boulevard, Drexel, opens into Washington 
Park at its north eastern angle from the east, by a wide pflaza, through 
the center of which e tends a lawn, richly ornamented by landscape 
gardening. Here are displayed the most elabora e designs and con 
trasts of floral coloring: the "Sphinxes"' and "Monument'' wrought 
in fine detail from growing cacti; the Sun dial which sh:>ws the correct 
solar time; the "Elephant", the AmerLan flag, in correct colors 
with many other unique and tasteful arrangements. On either sid ; 
of this lawn are the driveways, and at Drexel avenue stands the 
fountain, presented by the Messrs. Drexel Brothers, the Philadelphia 
bankers, in memory of their father, after whom also the boulevard 
was named. The boulevard is laid out on the plan of the Avenue 
l'lmperatrice, in Paris, and has two broad drives, one on either side 
of a central space, filled with various species of trees, and ornamented 
with flower beds, among which wind the prominades, with bowers 
and rustic seats. The entire boulevard is 200 feet wide. 

Jackson Park, the site of the World's Columbian Exposition, 
and next in order is described elsewhere. 

After leaving Washington Park from the south west, Garfield 
Boulevard is taken and after a drive of four miles we arrive at Gage 
Park, the smallest park in the boulevard system. Another drive of 
about five miles, along' Western avenue Boulevard brings us to 
Douglas Park, situated four miles southwest from the City Hall, 
between west 12th street on the north, Albany avenue on the west, 
West 19th street on the south, and California avenue on the east 
This is a beautiful and popular park, and is the spot chosen by tie 
Chinese of Chicago for their annual "Festival" of the "Kites", which 
is religously observed every August. Eleven acres of the park a e 
covered by a lake, fed with the mineral water of an artesian well. 
There is a refectory, from the balconies of which a fine view is to be 

2 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 39 




Scene in Lincoln Park. 




Scene in Garfield Park. 



40 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

had of the parks scenery. Here we find a conservatory and propa- 
gating houses which furnish 60,000 plants annually for transplanting. 

Douglas Park is reached by the 12th street cars, which run on 
Randolph street to Fifth avenue; by the Ogden avenue cars, which 
run on Madison street; and by the local trains of the Chica o, Bur- 
lington & Quincy Railway, whieh stop at Douglas Park Station 
The depot is the Union, at Canal and Adams street. The Chicago 
Passenger Railway Company's tracks have been extended to Douglas 
Park, via Western avenue and 12 h streets. After leaving Douglas 
Park we reach Garfield Park, via Douglas Boulevard. This beautiful 
park was named in honor of the martyred president. This Park lies 
about four miles west of the city's center between We t Kinzie street 
on the north and Colorado avenue on the south. It contains 185 
acres of ground. A beautiful lake covering seventeen acres contains 
four dainty islands. Garfield Park is reached by the North-western 
Railway to Central Park Station, also bystreet cars on Lake and 
Madison Streets, or by way of Washington Boulevard. 

Central Boulevard connects Garfield and Humbo'dt Parks 
After leaving the latter Lincoln Park in reached via HumbolJt 
Boulevard. 

Lincoln Park covers 250 acres and is bounded on the east by 
the lake, and on the west by Clark street, and exending from North 
avenue on the south to Diversey avenue on the north. Lake Shore 
Drive continuing from the entrance, extends from Oak street to its 
northern limits, and commands a view of the lake. The park is 
made up of beautiful lawns, flower-beds, intricate walks and winding 
drives, trees and shrubbery and CO acres of lakes add to the general 
effect. There are a refreshment pavilion on the border of one the 
lakes with a plentiful supply of boats, and a zoological collection. 
There is also a bronzj Indian group, of file size, mounted on a 
granite pedestal — presented by Mr. Martin Ryerson; and a bronze 
statue of Schiller, erected by the German citizens in 1886, on the 
anniver ary of the poet's death. It stands at the south end of the 
large flower beds. To th se have been added a Lincoln monument, 
by St. Gaudens, and a drinking fountain, a legacy of Eli Bates; the 
La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree; and the eques- 
trian monument of General Grant, erected by the city in 1891. 
After making a tour of Lincoln Park, the South side is reached by 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 4.J 

the Lake Shore Drive to the river crossed by Rush street bridge 
thus completing an almost uninterrupted drive of thirty-five miles of 
boulevards and parks. 

COMMERCIAL BUILDING. 

The business portion of Chicago with its wide streets and lofty 
buildings is the wonder and admiration of strangers. A walk about 
this section of the city will convince one that there is no city in the 
v, orld that can equal Chicago in building operations. The following 
buildings will serve as examples in this respect: 

The Masonic Temple is located on the northeast corner 
of State and Randolph streets. It is probably the highest office 
building in the world. The building is provided with 16 elevators; a 
12 foot corridor runs on every floor around the interior of the 
building. The Temple is 20 stories high. 

The Woman's Temple, corner of La Salle and Monroe streets, 
was erected by the Woman s Temperance Building Association. The 
building is one of the most magnificent exhibits of archicture in the 
city. It has a frontage of 190 feet on La Salle street. The building 
c ost $1,100,000. 

The Title and Trust Building, located at 102 Wash- 
ington street, is a magnificent structure, 17 stories in height, built 
from plans made by Henry Ives Cobb, architect. The cost of the 
building and ground was $1,300 000, both being the property of the 
Chicago Title and Trust Company, a corporation capitalized at 
$1,500,000. 

The Studebaker Carriage Factory and Repository is 
on Michigan avenue boulevard, next to the Auditorium. The build- 
ing is 107 feet front, by a depth of 170 feet; 8 stories high, exclusive 
of basement. The entire structure is 135 feet high. 

The Security Building is almost perfect in detail, durability, 
magnificence and convenience. This building is located on the south, 
east corner of Madison street and Fifth avenue. 

The Schiller was erected by the German Opera House Com- 
pany at a cost of $700,000. The building is built of gray stone, and is 
beautiful and imposing. The Schiller is located on Randolph street, 
between Clark and Dearborn streets. 



42 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




Owings Building. 




HI -»'UjKL^EResidence— S. W. Allerton, Prairie' Avenue, Cor. 20th. \% 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 43 

The Herald Building is a completely fitted newspaper office 
and a magnificent structure. Solidly built, elegant in interior appoint- 
ments, and replete with all the modern conveniences, it is a feature in 
urban architecture. The building is located at 154 to 158 Washing 
ton street. Its height is 124 feet. 

The Ashland Block is situated on the northeast corner of 
Clark and Randolph streets. It is thoroughly fire-proof. The bea rs, 
girders, and columns are of the highest grade of steel. 

The Unity Building is an office building par excellence. This 
handsome structure is T o cat ed on the east side of Dearborn street, 
between Washington and Randolph streets. It is 16 stories high, is 
fire-proof, and cost about $1,0C0,000. 

The Pullman Building, at the corner of Michigan avenue and 
Adams street, besides being one of the largest and handsomest office 
buildings in the city, is an object of interest as the official headquar- 
ters and home of the world-famous Pullman Pa'ace Car Company. 

The Ravd-McNally Building, located at 160 Adams street, 
has a frontage of 149 feet on Adams street, and 166 feet back to 
Quincy. This building was the first steel structure erected in Chicago. 

The Phoenix Insurance Building is on the corner of 
Jackson and Clark street, it covers a ground space of 50x214 feet, and 
contains 10 stories. 

The Tacoma Building, a.i immense structure, 12 stories in 
height, is situated on the corner of La Salle and Madison streets. 

The Home Insurance Building is located on the northeast 
corner of La Salle and Adams streets. It is 10 stories high and covers 
a ground space of 14,0C0 square feet. 

The Leiter Building, now occupied by Siegel, Cooper &Co , 
was erected in 1892, and is the largest store in the world used for 
retail purposes. It stands on State street and extends from Van 
Buren to Congress streets, being 402 feet in length by 143 feet in 
depth, and is 133 1-2 feet in height, divided into 8 stories, basement 
and attic. 

The Rookery Building occupies the block bounded by 
Adams, La Salle and Quincy streets and Rookery place. It is 170x180 
feet and 11 stories high. 



44 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICACO AND 






1 <H^m v 



■C"f 



i^m^t:m:3i 






Water Works. 




Lake Michigan, 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 45 

THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL 

OFFICE buildings: 

Adams Express, 18o Dearborn street . 

Allerton, South Water street near State street. 

American Express, 72 & 74 Monroe street. 

A. H. Andrews & Co., 215 Wabash avenue. 

Ashland, Clark and Randolph streets. 

Atlas, 45 — 61 Wabash avenue. 

Athenaeum, 18 — 20 Van Buren street. 

Auditorium, Congress street and Wabash avenue. 

Ayers, 166 — 172 State street. 

Bartlett, Dearborn and Van Buren streets. 

Batchelder, Clark and Randolph streets. 

Bay State, State and Randolph streets. 

Board of Trade, La Salle and Jackson streets. 

Bonfield, 1 ( J9 Randolph street. 

Borden, Randolph and Dearborn streets. 

Bort, 17 — 21 Quincy street. 

Boyce* 112 & 114 Dearborn street. 

Boylston, 265—269 Dearborn street. 

Brother Jonathan, 4 Sherman street. 

Bryan, 160—174 La Salle street. 

Calumet, 187—191 La Salle street. 

Cax^on, 328 Dearborn street. , 

Central Manufacturing, 74 — 88 Market street. 

Central Music Hall, State and Randolph streets. 

Central Union, 277 Madison street. 

Ceylon, Wabash avenue and Lake streets. 

Chamber of Commerce, Washington and La Salle streets. 

Chemical Bank, 87 Dearborn street. 

Chicago Opera Honse, Clar>j and Washington streets. 

Chickering Music Hall, 239 Wabash avenue. 

Cisco, 84 & 86 Washington street. 

Citizen's Bank, 119 & 121 La Salle street. 

City Hall, Washington and La Salle streets. 

Cobb, 124 & 126 Dearborn street. 

Columbus, State and Washington streets. 



46 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Commerce, 14 & 16 Pacific avenue. 

Commercial National Bank, Monroe and Dearborn streets. 

Como, 825 Dearborn street. 

Counselman, La Salle and Jackson streets. 

Court House, Washington and Clark streets. 

Crilly & Blair, 171 Dearborn street. 

Criminal Court, Michigan street and Dearborn avenue. 

Custom House, Clark and Adams streets. 

Dale, 308 Dearborn street. 

Davison, 153 Fifth avenue. 

De Soto, 146 Madison Street. 

Dexter, 76 Adams street. 

Dickey, 46 Dearborn street. 

Dogget, 34 Lake street. 

Donohue & Henneberry, 407 Dearborn street. 

Dore, State and Madison streets. 

Drake, Wabash avenue and Washington street, 

Dyche, State and Randolph streets. 

Ely, Wabash avenue and Monroe streets. 

Empire, 130 La Salle street. 

Equitable, 110 Dearborn street. 

Evening Journal, 161 Dearborn street. 

Evening Post, 164 & 166 Washington street. 

Exchange, Van Buren street and Pacific avenue. 

Fairbanks, Wabash avenue and Randolph street. 

First National Bank, Dearborn and Monroe streets. 

Foote, Clark and Monroe streets. 

Forbes, 193 Washington street. 

Franklin, 349 Dearborn street. 

Fry, 84 & £6 La Salle street. 

Fuller, 148—156 Dearborn street. 

Fullerton, 94 & 98 Dearborn street. 

Gaff, 230 La Salle street. 

Girard, 296 Dearborn street. 

Green ebaum, 72 Fifth avenue . 

Grocers, 29 — 43 Wabash avenue. 

Hale, State and Washington streets. 

Hampshire, La Salle and Monroe streets. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 47 

Hansen, 116 Dearborn street. 

Harding, 155 Washington street. 

Hawley, 142 Dearborn street. 

Henning & Speed, 121 Dearborn street. 

Herald, 154 Washington street. 

Hobbs, 95 Washington street. 

Holt, 165 Washington street. 

Holbrook, 215 W abash avenue. 

Home Insurance, La Salle and Adams streets. 

Honore, 204 Dearborn street. 

Howland, 192 Dearborn street. 

Hyman, 146 South Water street. 

Illinois Bank, 117 Dearborn street. 

Imperial, 252 Clark street. 

Ingals, 190 Clark street. 

Insurance Exchange, La Salle and Adams streets. 

Inter-Ocean, Dearborn and Madison streets. 

Jarvis, 124 Clark street. 

John Jones, 119 Dearborn street. 

Katahdin, Dearborn street near V^n Buren street. 

Kedzie, 120 & 122 Randolph street. 

Kearsarge, Dearborn and Jackson streets. 

Kent Block, 151 Monroe street. 

Kent Building, 12 Sherman street. 

Kentucky, 195—203 Clark street. 

Kimball Hall, 243—253 Wabash avenue. 

Kingsbury, 115 Randolph street. 

King, 85 Washington street. 

Kranz, 78 Washington street. 

Lakeside, Clark and Adorns streets. 

La Fayette, 70 La Salle street. 

La Salle, La Salle and Madison streets. 

Lees, 159 Fifth avenue. 

Lenox, 88 & 90 Washington street. 

Lind, Randolph and Market streets. 

Lowell, 308 Dearborn street. 

Lumber Exchange, South Water and Franklin streets. 

Major, 151 La Salle street. 



48 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Mailers, 226 & 828 La Salle street. 
Manhattan, 307—321 Dearborn street. 
Manierre, Madison and Dearborn streets. 
Marine, Lake and La Salle streets. 
Mason, 94 Washington Street. 
Masonic Temple, State and Randolph streets, 
McCormick, 73 Dearborn street. 
McNeil, 130 Clark street. 
McVicker's, 78 — 84 Madison street. 
Mentor, 163 State street. 
Mercantile, 112 — 118 La Salle street. 
Merchants', La Salle and Washington streets- 
Methodist Church, Washington and Clark streets. 
Metropolitan, Randolph and La Salle streets. 
Monadnock, Dearborn and Jackson streets. 
Monon, 326 Dearborn street. 
Montauk, 111 — 117 Monroe streets. 
Morrison, Clark and Madison streets. 
National Life, 157—163 La Salle street. 
Nevada, Franklin and Washington st r eets. 
Nicon, 169—175 La Salle street. 
Northern Office, Lake and La Salle streets. 
Ogden, Lake and Clark streets. 
Open Board of Trade, 18 — 24 Pacific avenue. 
Oriental, 122 La Salle street. 
Otis, 158 La Salle st>eet. 
Owings, 213 Dearborn Street. 
Oxford, 84 La Salle street. 
Parker, 97 Washington street. 
Phenif, 138 Jackson street. 
Pontiac, Dearborn and Harrison streets. 
Portland, 109 Dearborn street. 
Post-Office, Clarkand Adams streets. 
Potwin, 126 Washington street. 
Powers, Madison street and Michigan avenue. 
Pullman, Adams street and Michigan avenue. 
Purington, 304 Wabash avenue. 
Quincy, Clark and Adams streets. 



WORLD S. COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 49 

Quinlan, 81 & 80 Clark street. 

Rand-McNally, 160—174 Adams street. 

Rawson, 70 — 74 Dearborn street. 

Real Estate Board, 59 Dearborn street. 

Reaper, Washington and Clark streets. 

Rookery, Adams & La Salle streets 

Rialto, Van Buren and Sherman streets. 

Royal Insurance, 165 Jackson street. 

Ryerson, 49 Randolph street. 

St. Mary's, Madison streec and Wabash avenue. 

Safe and Lock, 51 — 55 Dearborn street. 

San Diego, Wabash avenue and River street. 

Schiller, Randolph st eet between Clark and Dearborn streets. 

Schloesser, La Salle and Adams streets. 

Sears, 99 &101 Washington street. 

Security, Fifth avenue and Madison street. 

Shepherd, Madison >treet, near Fifth avenue. 

Shreve, 93 Washington street. 

Sibley, 2—16 North Clark street. 

Spaulding, 243 State street. 

Staats-Zeitiing, 99 Fifth avenue. 

Stock Exchange, 171 Dearborn street. 

Stewart, State and Washington streets. 

Stevens' Art, 24 and 26 Adams street. 

Superior, 77 & 79 Clark street. 

Syracuse, 173 Randolph street. 

Tacoma, La Salle and Madison streets. 

Taylor, 140 Monroe street. 

Telephone, 203 Washington street. 

Temple Court, 225 Dearborn street. 

Teutonia, Fifth avenue and Washington street. 

Times, Fifth avenue and Washington street. 

Title and Trust, 98—102 Washington street. 

Tobey, 243 State street. 

Traders', 6 — 12 Pacific avenue. 

Trayner, 182 State street. 

Tribune, Dearborn and Madison streets. 

Union, Washington and La Salle streets 



50 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Unity, 75 — 81 Dearborn street. 

U. S. Express, 87 Washington street. 

University Club, 116 & 118 Dearborn street. 

Vermont, 155 Fifth avenue. 

Venetian, 34 & 36 Washington street. 

Wadsworth, 181 Madison street. 

Watson, 123 La Salle street. 

Washington, 110 Fifth avenue. 

Wachusett, Dearborn and Van Buren streets. 

Western Bank Note, Michigan avenue and Madison street. 

Wheeler, 6 & 8 Sherman street. 

Williams, 87 Dearborn street. 

Willoughby, Franklin and Jackson streets. 

W. C. T. U. Temple, La Salle and Monroe Streets. 

Y. M. C. A., La Salle street between Madison and Monroe streets. 

Not alone for the immensity of her commercial structure is Chi- 
cago noted. There are buildings of public and semi-public character 
that compare favorably with those of any city hi the World. 

The City Hall and Court House covers the square bounded 
by Clark, Washington, La Salle and Randolph streets. This hand- 
some structure is well worth the visitors attention. In front of the 
building, on Washington street, stands the Columbus statue and 
Drake fountain, presented to the city by Mr. John B. Drake. A 
bronze statue of the great discoverer, seven feet high, cast in the 
Royal foundry, at Rome, surmounts a pedestal. The statue is a pro- 
duction of a Chicago artist, R. H. Park. The fountain is provided 
with an ice chamber capable of holding two tons of ice and is sur- 
rounded by a water pipe, containing ten faucets, each supplied with a 
bronze cup. The entire cost was $15,C00. The buildings are con- 
structed "of upper Silurian lime stone, quarried in this state, and 
adorned with columns of granite. The length of each of the two 
facades is 340 feet, the width of the entire building 280 feet and its 
height from the ground line 124 feet. The Eastern hall, fronting 
on Clark street, is occupied by the various officials of Cook County, 
who are located in spacious and elegant apartments; the rooms 
devoted to the administration of justice being models of court-room 
convenience. The Western half fronting on La Salle street is 
devoted to offices and departments of a municipal character. 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 



Si 




Board of Trade. 




Cook County Hospital. 



52 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

The Government Building occupied by the Post Office 

and Custom House, cost $600,000, but was so imperfectly constructed 

that its demolition is an event of the near future. It is to be found 

corner of Clark and Adams street. 

The Board of Trade Building is a splendid example of 

ornate architecture. It is situtUed corner of Pacific avenue and 

Jackson street. It is well worth the visitors time to view from the 

gallery, which looks down upon the "floor" the busy scene below. 

The noise and turmoil of excited brokers, buying orselling thousands 

of bushels of grain in one "deal" especially on a day, when there is a 

rise or fall of several cents per bushel, in the price, is like some 

description of the Inferno. 

The structures occupied by the financial institutions of Chicago 

are among the many evidences of the city's solididity. For the 

benefit of the visitors we publish the following list of banks: 

American Exchange National Bank, Dearborn and Jackson streets. 

Atlas National Bank, Southwest corner Washington and La Salle 
streets. 

Banker's National Bank, Masonic Temple, corner State and Ran- 
dolph streets. 

Bank of Commerce, 188 — 192 La Salle street, (Woman's Temple 
Building. ) 

Bank of Montreal, 188 — 192 La Salle street, (Woman's Temple 
Building.) 

Central Trust and Savings Bank, corner Fifth avenue and Washing- 
ton s reet. 

Chemical National Bank, 85 Dearborn street. 

Chicago Clearing House Association, 103 Monroe street. 

Chicago National Bank, Southwest corner Dearborn and Monroe 
streets. 

Chicago Trust and Savings Bank, 122 & 124 Washington street. 

Columbia National Bank, Northwest La Salle and Quincy streets. 

Commercial Loan & Trust Company, 115 La Salle street. 

Commercial National Bank, Southwest corner Dearborn and Monroe 
street. 

Continental National Bank, Southwest corner La Salle and Adams 
street. 

Corn Exchange Bank, 217 La Salle street, (Rookery Building ) 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 53 

Division Street Bank, 319 East Division street. 

Drover's National Bank, 4207 South Halstead street. 

First National Bank, Northwest corner Dearborn and Monroe 

street. 
Fort Dearborn National Bank, 187 Dearborn street, Adams Express 

Bui ding. 
Hibernian Banking Association, Northwest corner Clark and Ran- 
dolph streets. 
Hide & Leather National Bank, Southeast corner La Salle and 

Madison streets. 
Home National Bank of Chicago, 184 W. Washington street. 
Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, Southeast corner La Salle and 

Adams street. 
International Bank, 110 La Salle street. 
Merchants Loan and Trust Company, 103 Dearborn street. 
Merchants National Bank, 80 & 82 La Salle street. 
Metropolitan National Bank, 188 — 192 La Salle street, Woman's 

Temple Building. • 

National Bank of America, 188 — 192 La Salle street, Woman's 

Temple Building. 
National Bank of Illinois, 115 Dearborn street. 
National Live Stock Bank, Union Stock Yards. 
Northwestern Bond and Trust Co , 175 — 179 Dearborn street. 
Northwestern National Bank, Southeast corner La Salle and Adams 

streest. 
Oakland National Bank, 3961 Cottage Grove avenue. 
Park National Bank, Northwest corner Washington and Dearborn 

streets. 
Prairie State National Bank, 110 W. Washington street. 
Union National Bank, Northeast corner of La Salle and Adams 

streets. 
Union Trust Co., corner Dearborn and Madison st eets. 
Chicago Trust and Savings' Bank, 122 & 124 Washington street. 
Dime Savings' Bank, ]04 & 106 Washington street 
Home Savings' Bank of Chicago, 184 W. Washington street. 
Prairie State Savings' and Trust Co., 45 South Desplaines street. 

BANKERS. 
W. T. Richards & Co., 71 Dearborn street. 

13a 



54 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

£. L. Brewster & Co., corner Dearborn and Monroe streets. 

John Buehler, Northwest corner La Salle and Randolph streets. 

H. Claussenius & Co., 82 Fifth avenue. 

E. S. Dryer & Co., Northwest corner Washington and Dearborn 

streets. 
Gross, Miller & Felsenthal, 108 La Salle street . 
H. G. Foreman & Bros., 128 & 130 Washington street. 
N. W. Harris & Co., 163—165 Dearborn street. 
Hopkins, Kennett & Co., Board of Trade Building. 
Leopold Mayer & Son, 157 Randolph street. 
Meadowcraft Bros., Northwest corner Dearborn and Washington 

streets. 
Municipal Investment Company, 164 Dearborn street. 
C. L. Neihoff & Co., 49 La Salle street. 
Peterson & Bay, corner Randolph and La Salle street. 

C. B. Richard & Co., 62 South Clark street. 

H. Schaffner & Co., 100 & 102 Washington street. 

L. Silverman, 93 & 95 Dearborn street. 

Heinemann & Wasmansdorff, 145 & 147 Randolph street. 

EDUCATION AND ART. 

Some of the structures devoted to Education and Art are well 
worth a mention. 

The University of Chicago buildings are located on Mid- 
way Plaisance not far from the Exposition grounds. This great 
institution of learning is the result of the munificence of Mr. John 

D. Rockafeller who has already donated $3,600,000 for its maintain- 
ance. 

The Public School buildings are large and roomy and solidly 
built structures scattered over the city. 

The Art Institute building is located on the Lake Front, 
facing Adams street. The architecture is purely classic and the 
designers were Messrs. Shipley, Rutan & Coolidge, of Boston. The 
structure is 320 feet long by 107 and 208 feet wide. It is to be 
devoted to the exhibition of sculpture, metal work and pictures. In 
this connection may be mentioned the 

Public Library building, on the Lake Front between Ran- 
dolph and Washington streets; the Chicago Athenaeum building 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 55 

located at 18 Van Buren street and the Newberry Library corner 
North Clark and Oak streets. Other educational institutions are the 
Union College of Law, 80 Dearborn street; the Northwestern 
University, located at Evanston, eleven miles from the city, the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Rush Medical 
College (both adjoining Cook County Hospital) are handsome and 
commodious buildings. The former consists of four stories and base- 
ment, surmounted by a tower 100 feet in height. The Rush Medical 
College is a beautiful building. There are about 2,000 students re- 
ceiving instruction in Medicine and surgery in the medical schools 
of Chicago. 

The theological colleges are the Garnett Bibical Institute, 
at Evanston, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church; the Baptist 
Union Theological Seminary, Morgan Park: the Chicago 
Theological Seminary — Congregational — Union Park; The 
Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest, 
North Halsted street and St. Ignatius College, West Twelfth 
street. 

LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS. 

The following list of libraries and reading rooms is intended for 
visitors who have a literary bent aud who might desire, occasionally 
to spend a quiet evening after the fatigue of sight seeing. 

Armour Mission, thirty-third street and Armour avenue. 

Chicago Athenaeaum Library, 18-26 Van Buren street. 

Chicago Brother International Tract and Miss Society, 26-28 
College place. 

Chicago Historical Society Library, 142 Dearborn avenue. 

Chicago Law Institue, Room 414 County Building. 

Chicago Medical Society Library Public Library, City Hall. 

Chicago Public Licrary 4th floor City Hall. 

Colored Men's Library, 400 Dearborn street. 

Hammond Library, Ashland avenue, corner Warren. 

Illinois Tract Society of Seventh Day Adventists, 26-28 College 
place. 

Pullman Public Library, 73-75 Arcade Buildings. 

Ravenswood Public Library, Commercial and Sulzer streets. 

South Chicago Public Library, Ninety-third street and Houston 
ave. 



56 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

U. ion Catholic Library Association, 94 Dearborn street. 

West New Christian Union C ircu'ar Library and Reading Room, 
17 Van Buren street. 

Wheeler Theological Library, 1113 Washington boulevard. 

Young Men's Christian Association Reading Room, 153-155 La 
Salle street. 

RESIDENCES. 

The beauty and magnificence of many of the residences of Chi- 
cago evidence the taste and refinement of her wealthier classes. It 
has been said that this city contains a greater number of millionaires 
than any other city in the United States. A stroll through the resi- 
dence portion will convince one that this statement has not been ex- 
aggerated. One of the handsomest homes in the city is that of H. 
N. Higginbotham, President of the World's Columbian Exposition, 
2838 Michigan ave. Among others may be mentioned the residences 
of Dr. J. A. McGill, 4938 Drexel boulevard, Dr. Nicholas Senn, 533 
Dearborn ave., S. R. Rawson, 4745 Ellis ave., Anton Smith, corner 
Forty-ninth and Drexel boulevard, Levi G. Merrick, 3741 Grand 
boulevard, Archibald McNeill, 3154 Michigan ave, Arthur A. Libby, 
3357 Michigan ave., Joseph Frank, 3322 Michigan ave., John Cudahy, 
3254 Michigan ave., Chas. T. Yerkes, 3201 Michigan ave., A. A, 
Sprague, 2710 Prairie ave, A. C. Bartlett, 2720 Prairie 
avenue, Ferd W. Peck, 1826 Michigan avenue, George M. 
Pullman, 1729 Prairie avenue, Marshall Field, 1905 Prairie 
avenue, J. J. Glessner, cor. Prairie avenue, and Eighteen streets.; N. 
B. Ream, 1901 Prairie ave., Sidney A. Kent, 2944 Michigan ave., 
Agustus Byram, 2 09 Michigan ave., C. N. Crega, Michigan ave., 
near Twenty-ninth street, M. D. Wells, 2550 Michigan ave , D. K. 
Hill, 2559 Michigan ave. The foregoing are all on the South Side 
On the North Side, in the same manner we select for mention is the 
houses of R. R. Cabbie, 312 Erie street, S. M. Nickerson, 317 Erie 
street, Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick, 312 Huron street, J. V. Farwell, 
109 Pearson street, the Hon. C. B. Farwell, 99 Pearson street, Frank- 
pn McVeagh, Lake Shore drive, N. W. corner Schiller street, E. E. 
Ayer, corner State and Schiller streets, William Borden, N. W. cor- 
ner Lake Shore drive and Belleview place, V. C. Turner, Lake Shore 
drive, one door north of Schiller street, Capt. Eddy Barrett, Lake 
Shore drive, north cf Schiller st , Potter Palmer, Lake Shore drive. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 57 



# 



1%> 




Douglas Statue. 




Stock Yards. 



58 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

THE STOCK YARDS. 

For many years the stock attraction of Chicago was the Stock 
Yards. Strangers immediately upon their arrival in the city, were 
in the habit of asking the location of that wonderful industry. The 
attractions of the Garden City have been so greatly augmented that 
now it is only one of the many objects of interest. It is an interesting 
spectacle, however, and a few words of description will not be amiss. 
The Stock. Yards occupy about 400 acres of ground. There are 
3,300 pens, 1,800 covered and 1,500 open, enabling 2,500 head of cat- 
tle, 14,000 sheep and 15°,000 hogs to be handled at one time. The 
yards contain twenty miles of streets, twenty miles of water troughs 
fifty miles of feeding troughs, and seventy five miles of water and 
drainage pipes. There are five artesian wells, having an ave.age 
depth of 1,230 ft. There are also eighty-seven miles of railroad 
tracks, all the roads, having access to the yards. Its cost was $4,000,- 
000. The meet packing industry is one of the many features. The 
firm of Messrs. Armour & Co., occupies seventy acres of flooring, 
and emyloys 3,500 men. The Stock Yards and Factory houses are 
reached by rail from Van Buren street depot, by State street cable 
line or South Halsted street horse cars. 

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

If a " burnt child is afraid of fire," certainly a city, that had the 
terrible experience that Chicago had, ought to profit by it. The 
fire department is worthy of the great city. It consists of nearly 
1,000 men, and officers. The department owns seventy-two steam 
fire engines, twenty-two chemical engines, three powerful fire tugs, 
one stand pipe and water tower, for reaching lofty buildings, twenty- 
eight hook and ladder trucks, 100 hose wagons, carts, and carriages, 
421 horses, two life saving guns, twelve life saving nets, 6,500 feet of 
ladders and twenty-eight miles of hose. The fire alarm system in- 
cludes 1,919 automatic signal boxes, 2,031 miles of wire, and a net- 
work of overhead and underground telegraph lines. 

THE WATER WORKS. 

The system which supplies Chicago with water from Lake Mich- 
igan is complete in every detail. The North Side Water- Works are 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 59 

located corner of Pine street and Chicago ave., those on the West 
Side are to be found at Ashland and Blue Island avenues These 
plants have a capacity of 250,000,000 gallons daily. The system con- 
sists of 1,346 miles of pipes and cost over $17,000,000. 

A visit to the North Side works will prove an interesting one. 
The water-tower is 175 feet high, the top of which is reached by a 
winding stair case from which a fine view can be obtained of the city 
and the lake. There is a well under the building from which a tun- 
nel extends under the lake, three miles to the crib. This is merely a 
coffer-dam for the purpose of protecting the tunnel inlet from float- 
ing ice and other substances. The crib is in charge of a keeper and 
the visitor will do well to board one of the small steamers and take an 
excursion thither on some pleasant day. 

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 

Like many other institutions in Chicago the clubs and societies, 
while yet in their infancy are rapidly forging their way to the front 
rank. Whether organized for social, political, literary or other 
purpose, the members, lend their zeal and energy to enhancing the 
welfare of their particular club . Hence many of these organization 
have become prominent factors in the advancement of the city's in- 
terests. 

The following summary of clubs and societies will enable the 
visitor to locate the principal ones : 

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 

Apollo Club, Apollo hall, State and Randolph streets. 
Argo Club, on Lake Michigan and end of Illinois Central Pier. 
Ashland Club, 575 Washington boulevard. 
Audubon Club, 110 La Salle street. 
Banker's Club. 

Calumet Club, Michigan ave. and 12th street. 
Cambrian Benevolent Society, Welsh Presbyterian church, San- 
gamon and Monroe streets. 

Canadian-American Society, 228 La Salle street. 
Caledonian Society, 45 Washington street. 
Catlin Boat Club, Lake Shore and Pearson street. . 
Chicago Academy of Sciences, 40 Dearborn street. 



60 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Chicago Art Institute, 200 Michigan ave. 

Chicago Astronomical Society. 

Chicago Athenaeum, 18 Van Buren street. 

Chicago Athletic Association, Michigan ave., near Madison st. 

Chicago Base Ball Club, Thirty-fifth street and Wentworth ave. 

Chicago Bicycle Club, 189 Michigan ave. 

Chicago Bowling Club, 500 North Clark street. 

Chicago Camera Club, 182 Wabash ave. 

Chicago Club, 43d Monroe street. 

Chicago Cricket Club, 170 State street. 

Chicago Curling Club, 85 street. 

Chicago Cycling Club, Lake ave. and Fifty-seventh street. 

Chicago Electric Club, 103 Adams street. 

Chicago Fencing and Boxing Club, 109 Randolph street. 

Chicago Florist Club. 

Chicago Gun Club, Sherman House. 

Chicago Historical Society, 142 Dearborn ave. 

Chicago Literary Club, 107 Dearborn street. 

Chicago Rifle Club. 

Chicago Relief and Aid Society, 53 La Salle street. 

Chicago Shooting Club, Sherman House. 

Chicago Society of Decorative Art, 2C0 Michigan ave. 

Chicago Tennis Club, 2901 Indiana ave. 

Chicago Yacht Club. 

Chicago Woman's Club, 200 Michigan ave. 

Commercial Club, 159 La Salle street. 

Cook County Wheelmen. 

Cumberland Gun Club, Sherman House. 

Diana Hunting Club. 

Douglas Club, 3518 Ellis ave. 

Douglas Cycling Club, 226 Loomis street. 

English Hunting and Fishing Club. 

Farragut Boat Club, 3018 Lake Park ave. 

Fireman^s Benevolent Association, 19 Dearborn street. 

Fortnightly Club, 202 Michigan ave. 

Fox Lake Shooting and Fishing Club, Tremont House. 

Fox River Fish and Game Association. 

Germania Club, 649 North Clark street. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 6l 

Girls Friendly Society, 836 Huron street. 
Hyde Park Club, Wabash ave. and Fifiy first street, 
Illinois Club, 154 Ashland ave. 

Illinois Cycling Club, 1008 Washington boulevard. 
Illinois Humane Society, Auditorium building. 
Illinois State Sportsmen's Association, 46 Madison street. 
Indiana Club, 3349 Indiana ave. 
Irish-American Club, 40 Dearborn street. 
Iroquois Club, 110 Monroe street. 
John A. Logan Club. 

Kenwood Club, Forty-seventy street and Lake ave. 
Lakeside Club, 3140 Indiana ave. 
La Salle Club, 542 West Monroe street. 
Marquette Club, 365 Dearborn ave. 
Mechanics Institute, 50 Dearborn street. 
Oakland Club, Ellis and Oakwood aves. 
Ogden Boat Club, Lake shore, foot of Superior street. 
Park Club, Fifty seventh street and Rosalie court. 
Philosophical Society, Fairbank hall. 
Phoenix Club, Calumet ave. and Thirth-first street. 
Policemen's Benevolent Association, City hall. 
Press Club, 131 Cla k street. 
St. George Cricket Club. 

St. George's Benevolent Association, 182 Madison street. 
Sportsmen's Club, Sherman House. 

Standard Club, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth street. 
State Microscopical Society, 184 Wabash ave. 
Sunset Club. 

Twentieth Century Club. 

Union Club, Washington place and Dearborn ave. 
Union League Club, Jackson street and Custom House place. 
University Club, 116 Dearborn street. 
Veteran Union League, 204 Dearborn street. 
Wah-na-ton Association. 
Wanderers' Cricket Club. 

Washington Cycling Club, 651 West Adams street . 
Washington Park Club, South Park ave. and Sixty-first street. 
Western Society of Engineers, 78 La Salle street. 

20a 



62 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

West Chicago Club, 4b Throop street. 

Whitechapel Club, 122 La Salle street. 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union, La Salle and Monroe 
streets. 

Woman's Sufferage Club, Sherman House. 

Working Women's Home Association, 20 South Peoria street. 

Young Men's Christian Association, La Salle street, between 
Monroe and Madison streets. 

THEATERS AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

Chicago is now acknowledged to be the theatrical center of the 
country, taking precedence even of New York, for a long time the 
"fetich" of the amusement world. The oldest theatres in the city 
are McVicker's and Hooley's, of equal importance and popularity 
are the Columbia, Grand Opera House, Chicago Opera House, Hay- 
Market, Havlin's, Schiller and the 

Auditorium. — This magnificent theatre is one of the sights of 
the city. The main entrance is on the Congress street side of the 
great Auditorium building.. The foyer is reached by a marble stair- 
case with bronze balusters. The interior is sumptuously decorated 
and appointed. The seating capacity is 4,041. There are forty 
boxes, two balconies and a gallery. The interior is lighted by nearly 
6,00 J incondescent electric lamps. One of the features is an immense 
organ, containing 7,193 pipes. M he stage contains 6,862 square feet 
and is complete in every detail. 

McVicker's Theatre is located on Madison street between 
State and Dearborn streets. This house enjoys the distinction of 
being the oldest theatre in the city. The present structure is a very 
handsome affair, the interior being beautifully decorated. McVick- 
ers i heatre is not only fire proof, but owing to its many exits it can 
be almost instantly emptied. 

Hooley's Theatre is situated on Randolph street, between 
Clark and La Salle streets. It is a first-class house and enjoys a very 
aristocratic patronage. 

The Columbia Theatre is located on the corner of E>ear. 
born and Monroe streets. It is a very popular place of amusements. 

The Grand Opera House is situated on Clark street be- 
tween Randolph and Washington street. 

21a 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 6$ 



The Chicago Opera House is a very handsome theatre 
located corner of Washington and Clark streets. 

Havlins' cozy theatre is to be found on Wabash avenue, south 
of Eighteenth street. 

The following is a list of theatres and other places of amusement 

Academy of Music, (Jacobs 1 ), 83 South Halsted street. 

Alhambra, (Jacobs'), 1920 State street. 

Auditorium, Wabash ave. and Congress Street. 

Casino, 227 Wabash ave. 

Central Music Hall, State and Randolph streets. 

Chicago Opera House, Washington and Clark streets. 

Chickering Music Hall, 241 Wabash ave. 

Clark Street, (Jacobs'), North Clark and Kenzie streets. 

Columbia, 108 Monroe streets. 

Criterion, Sedgwick ane Division streets. 

Engel's Pavilion, 463 North Clark street. 

Epstean's Dime Museum, 111 Randolph street. 

Fisher's Garden, North end of Lincoln Park and Diversey ave. 

Freiberg's Opera House, Twenty-second street, between State 
street and Wabash ave. 

Grand Opera House. 8? Clark street. 

Havlin's, 18-.6 Wabash ave. 

Haymarket, 160 West Madison street. 

Hooley's, 149 Randolph street. 

Kimball's Music Hall, 247 Wabash ave. 

Kohl & Middleton's Clark Street Dime Museum, 150 Clark 
street. 

Kohl & Middleton's State Street Dime Museum, 294 State 
street. 

Last Days of Pompeii, Cottage Grove ave and Sixty-first street. 

Libby Prison, Wabash ave , between Fourteenth and Sixteenth 
streets. 

Lyceum, Desplams street, between Madison and Washington 
streets. 

Madison Street Theatre, 85 Madison street. 

McVicker's, 82 Madison street. 

New Windsor, 468 North Clark street. 

Olympic, 51 Clark street. 

22a 



64 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Panorama, Battle of Gettysburg, 401 Wabash avenue. 
Panorama, Chicago Fire, 1^0 Michigan ave. 
Panorama, Niagara Falls, 402 Wabash ave. 
People's, 339 State street. 

Schiller, Randolph street, between Clark and Dearborn streets. 
Standard, Halsted and Jackson streets. 
Marlow Opera House, Sixty-third street and Stewart ave. 
Waverly, West Madison street, between Loomis and Throop 
streets. 

CHURCHES. 

If it be true that the citizens of Chicago are noted for their 
fondness for the " affairs of the body," the number and beauty of 
their churches show that they do not neglect, "the affairs of the 
soul." There are in the city about 530 churches. From point of 
architecture and finish some of the most noted are the church of the 
Epiphany, (Episcopal,) corner of Ashland avenu- and Adams street, 
South Congregational Church, corner Drexel boulevard and Fortieth 
street, South Park Avenue M. E. Church, c rner of South Park ave. 
and Thirty-third street, Saint Paul's Universalist Church, Prairie ave 
and Thirtieth street, Immanuel Baptist Church, Michigan avenue 
near Twenty-third street, First Presbyterian Church, corner of Indi- 
ana avenue and Twenty-third street, and the Roman Catholic Cathe- 
dral of the Holy Name, corner of North State and Superior streets' 
Other churches of importance are: The Central Church, Central 
Music Hall, corner State and Randolph street, and the Peoples 
Church, McVickers Theatre. Other leading churches are as follows : 
Among the Protestant Episcopal Churches are St. James, corner of 
Cass and Huron streets, North Side Cathedral of S. S. Peter and 
Paul, corner of Washington boulevard and Peoria streets, Grace 
Church, Wabash avenue, south of Fourteenth, Christ Church, corner 
of Michigan avenue and Twenty-fourth street, Saint Tames' (Roman 
Catholic,) corner of Wabash avenue and Thirtieth street, Saint 
John's (Roman Catholic,) Clark and Eighteenth streets, and the 
church of the Holy Family (Roman Catho ic,) usually known as 
''the Jesuit Church" corner of West Twelfth and May street. Also 
the Union Park Congregational Church, corner of Ashland 
avenue and Washington boulevard, the Third Presbyterian 

23a 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 65 

Church, corner Ashland and Ogden avenues, Union Park Tem- 
ple, of the Swedenborgians, corner of Washington boulevard and 
Ogden avenue, and the sy.iagogue of Zion CONGREGATION (He- 
brew) close to the last named on Ogden avenue. 

Of the Methodist churches may be noted the Western Av- 
enue Church, at Western avenue and Monroe street, and the 
Centenary Church, West Monroe near Morgan streets, the prin- 
cipal buildings of the Congregational sect are Plymouth Church, 
Michigan boulevard, between Twenty-fifth and Twenty sixth streets, 
First Church, corner of Washington boulevard and Ann street 
and New England Church, Dearborn avenue and Delaware place. 

Besides these are, Unity Church, (Unitarian,) Dearborn ave., 
opposite Washington square, and the Sinai Temple, (Reformed 
Jewish,) corner of Indiana avenue and Twenty-first street. 

SUBURBAN TOWNS. 

Many of the Chicago's wealthy citizens reside in the suburbs, go- 
ing to and from their business, by trains run for accommodation pur- 
poses, by the principal roads entering the city. Others in more mod- 
erate circumstances are enabled to own their own houses, which they 
might not be able to do within the city limits, owing to the price of 
property. Some of these homes are very beautiful. The following 
is a list of the principal suburban towns and villages : alpine, 
twenty six miles on the Wabash railroad. Altenheim, ten and a 
half miles on the Chicago & Northern Paeihc railroad. Argyle 
Park, five and a half miles on the Evanston Division of the Chicago 
Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. Arlington Heights, twenty- 
two and a half miles on the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & 
North-western railway. Auburn Park, nine miles on the Chicago 
Rock Island & Pacific railroad. Austin, six and a half miles, on 
the line of the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western 
railway. Avondale, five and a half miles on the Wisconsin Divis- 
ion of the Chicago & North-western railway. Blue Island, six- 
teen miles on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. Brigh- 
ton Park, seven and a half miles, reached by the Chicago, St. Louis 
& Pi tsburg. and Chicago & Alton railroad. Burlington 
Heights, twenty and a half miles on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy railroad. Calvary, ten miles on the Milwaukee Division of 

24, 



66 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

the Chicago & North-western railway. Canfield, eleven and a half 
miles on the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North-western 
railway. Chicago Law *, ten miles on the Chicago & Grand Trunk 
railway. Clarendon Hills, twenty miles, on the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy railroad. Clifton, eighteen miles on the Chicago 
& Grand Trunk railroad. Clyde, ten miles on the Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy. Colehour, thirteen miles on the Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern railroad. Conleys, nineteen miles on the 
Wabash railroad. Cragin, on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
railroad. Crawford, seven miles on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy. Cummings, fifteen miles, situated on the Chicago & Erie rail- 
way. Dolton, sixteen and a half miles on the Louisville, New Albany 
& Chicago railway. Dauphin Park, at the crossing of the Illinois 
Central & Michigan Central railroads, with the Rock IYand and the 
Atlantic & Pacific roads. Deering, three miles on the Milwaukee 
Division of the Chicago & North-western. Des Plaines, sixteen 
and a half miles of the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North- 
western railway. Dunning, eleven miles on the Chicago, Milwau- 
kee & St. Paul, Downers' Grove, twenty-three miles on the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy railroads. Edge Water, seven and a 
half miles on the Evanston Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul railroad. Edison Park, twelve miles on the Wisconsin Di- 
vision of the Chicago & North -western railroad-. Elgin, 42 miles on 
the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western railway, and on 
the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. Elmhurst, fifteen miles on 
the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western railway. 
Englevood, Englewood Heights and Englewood on -i he 
Hill, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and Lake bhore & 
Michigan Southern railways. Evanston, twelve mi'es on the Mil- 
waukee Division of the Chicago & North-western railway, and on the 
Evanston Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railways. 
Evergreen Park, fou teen and a half miles, on the Chicago & 
Grand Trunk railway. Fern woo n, twelve miles on. the line of the 
Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad. Forest Hill, twelve and a 
half miles on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railways. Fort 
Sheriden, twenty-four and a half miles on the Milwaukee Division 
of the Chicago & North-western railroad. Geneva, thirty-five and a 
half miles on the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western rail- 

25a 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 67 

way. Glencoe, nineteen miles on the Milwaukee Division of the 
Chicago & North-western railroad. Glen Ellyn, twenty-three 
miles, on the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western rail- 
road. Grane CROSSiNG,nine and three-quarter miles, on the Illinois 
railroad, and on nil lines of railroad running south. Grayland, eight 
miles on the^Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. Grossdale, 
twelve miles on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Har- 
vey, two miles south of the city limits. Hawthorn, six miles on the 
Chicago Burlington & Quincy railways Hegewisch, within the 
corporate limits, east of Calumet Lake, and on the Calumet river. 
Highland Park, twenty two miles, on the Milwaukee Divison of 
the Chicago & North-western. High Ridge, eight and a quarter 
miles on the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & North-western 
railways. Hinsdal^, seventeen miles, on the Chicago, Burlington 
& Quincy railway. Hyde Park, at the Fifiy-third street station of 
the Illinois Central railroad. Irving Park, six and a half miles on 
the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North-western railroad. 
Jefferson Park, nine miles on the Wisconsin Division of the Chi- 
cago & North-western. Joliet ; thirty-nine miles on the Chicago 
and Alton, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. La 
Grange, fifteen miles on the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy railroad. Lake Forrest, twenty-eight and a 
half miles on the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & 
North-western railway. Lakeside, seventeen and a half miles on 
the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & North-western railway. 
Lockport, thirty-seven miles on the Chicago & Alton and Chicago, 
Santa Fe and California railways. Maywood, ten miles on the 
Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western railway. Mont- 
rose, seven and a half miles, at the junction of the Evanston cut-off 
and the Chicago & North-western and West Chicago Belt Line. 
Morgan Park, thirteen miles on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pa- 
cific. Morton Park, six and a half miles on the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy railroad. Naperville, thirty miles on the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy. Oak Park, eight and a half miles on the 
Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western railway. Pull- 
man, on the Illinois Central railway, the home of Pullman's Palace 
Car Company. Ravens wood, five miles on the Milwaukee Divis- 
ion of the Chicago & North-western railroad. Ridgeland, eight 

2Ca 



68 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

miles on the Galena Division of the Chicago & North-western rail- 
way. River Forrest, nine miles on the Galena Division of the 
Chicago & North-western and Wisconsin Central railways. River 
Park, fifteen and a half miles on the Chicago & Northern Pacific 
railroad. Riverside, twelve and a half miles on the Chicago, Bur- 
lington and Quincy railroad. South Chicago, on the Illinois 
Central, Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, South 
Chicago & Southern, and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago rail- 
ways. South Lynne, eleven miles on the Chicago, St. Louis & 
Pittsburg railroad. Summerdale, six and a half miles on the Mil- 
waukee Division of the Chicago & North-western railway. Summit, 
twelve miles on the Chicago & Alton railroad. Tollfston, twenty- 
five miles on the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan South, 
ern, Michigan Central, and Chicago, Pittsburg & Fort Wayne rail- 
roads. Tremont, nine and a half miles on the Chicago, St. Louis 
& Pittsburg railroad. Turner, thirty miles on the Galena Division 
of the Chicago & North-western. Washington Heights, six- 
teen miles on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroad. Wau- 
KEGAN, thirty-five and a half mi'es on the Milwaukee Divi ion of the 
( hicago & North-western. Wilmette, fourteen miles on the Mil- 
waukee Division of the Chicago & North-western railway Wi>j- 
NET'-A, eighteen miles on the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & 
North-western. Wood Law v , eight and a half miles on the Illi- 
nois Central. Worth, seventeen miles on the Wabash railway. 

27a 



THE 

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN 
EXPOSITION. 



7° 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO and 




GEO. R. DAVIS, 

Director General. 



I. 

THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Chicago possessed four practically available sites, each 
presenting- many good reasons for favorable selection. The 
Directors of the Exposition, in whose hands was placed the 
duty of selecting a suitable site, gave so much time and at- 
tention to this important matter as few business men could 
or would. Working steadily, with competent architects, en- 
gineers and sanitary experts, and giving many months of 
their valuable time to this arduous undertaking, thej^ finally 
arrived at a result which met the approval of the National 
Commission, and which must be absolutely satisfactory to 
the millions of visitors in whose interests this great enter- 
prise is to be carried through. The site adopted by the Board 
of Directors is that portion of the justly celebrated South 
Park System of Chicago, known as Jackson, Park and the 
Midway Plaisance. Having in view the comfort and con- 
venience of the hundreds of thousands of our citizens and 
those from abroad, this site affords advantages which upon 
reflection must be appreciated and clearly understood by the 
practical mind. This beautiful location is within easy dis- 
tance of the business portion of Chicago, and is accessible by 
means of the most complete transportation facilities. Jack- 
son Park has a frontage on Lake Michigan of one and one- 
half miles, and contains 600 acres of ground. The Midway 
Plaisance, which forms the connecting link between Jackson 
and Washington Parks, is one mile long and 600 feet wide, 
making an additional area of 85 acres. The frequent illus- 
trations of buildings and grounds, with careful descriptions 
shown in this guide will give the reader a very complete 

l 



72 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

idea of this stupendous work. The comfort and convenience 
of visitors are considered in every arrangement, and the 
occasion should not only be enjoyable and instructive in the 
highest degree, but also one to cherish always as the greatest 
event of a limetime. The attractions provided are so numer- 
ous that it would be impossible to convey an adequate idea 
of their extent and variety. The architectural groupings 
and grandeur of highly ornamental design, collectively, excel 
all previous attempts at any other Exposition. The plan of 
arrangements for the grounds presents features in landscape 
effects, statuary, fountains, inland lakes, ornamental bridges, 
avenues and floral designs, so artistic in their beauty as to 
command the admiration of the world. The frontage of the 
grounds on Lake Michigan, the Queen of all the great lakes, 
affords grand opportunities for marine displays of the most 
magnificent character, and which will be taken full advantage 
of by the management to furnish beautiful attractions which 
otherwise could not be attempted. 

The information which has preA-iously gone to the public 
has been fragmentary, incomplete, and to a great extent pros- 
pective rather than of that official or authoritative character 
which can only arise from practical results. To-day finds all 
the great buildings, which only existed to the architectural 
eye twelve months ago, now entirely completed and ready 
for the inspection of visitors. With the growth and devel- 
opment of the original plans the financial necessities of the 
Fair also tremendously increased, but public enthusiasm 
fortunately kept pace with this rapid development until 
the contemplated five million dollar World's Fair of three 
years ago grew to a World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion with $18,750,000 actually expended before the gates 
were opened to visitors. In addition to this millions of 
dollars were expended by the several States in the construc- 
tion of their magnificent State Buildings and for the proper 
installation of the State exhibits. 

The management of the World's Columbian Exposition 
maybe said to be vested in four organizations : The National 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 73 

Commission, authorized by Congress; the World's Columbian 
Exposition, organized under the Laws of the State of Illi- 
nois ; the Board of Lady Managers, authorized by Congress, 
and the World's Congress Auxiliary. The National Com- 
mission is composed of eight Commissioners at Large with 
Alternates ; two Commissioners from each State, Territory, 
and the District of Columbia, one Democrat and one Repub- 
lican, appointed by the President on a nomination by their 
respective Governors. This Commission has delegated its 
authority to eight of its members who constitute a Board of 
Reference of Control and who act with a similar number se- 
lected from the World's Columbian Exposition. The officers 
of this Commission are: President, Thomas W. Palmer: 
Vice Presidents, Thomas W. Walker, M. H. DeYoung, D. D. 
Penn, C. W.Allen and Alexander B. Andrews; Secretary, 
John C. Dickinson. The World's Columbian Exposition is 
composed of forty-five cittzens of Chicago, elected annually 
by the stockholders. On this body falls the burden of raising 
the necessary money and of the active management. Its offi- 
cers are : President, Harlow N. Higinbotham ; Vice Presi- 
dent, F. W. Peck ; Second Vice President, R. A. Waller ; Sec- 
retary, H. O. Edmonds, and Solicitor. W. K. Carlisle. 

The Board of Lady Managers is composed of two Mem- 
bers with Alternates from each State and Territory, and nine 
from the City of Chicago. It has the supervision of Wom- 
en's participation in the Exposition, and of whatever exhib- 
its of women's work may be made. This recognition of 
Woman marks an epoch in World's Expositions, as in no 
previous international Fair have woman and her work, in- 
fluences and industrial importance been recognized. Mrs. 
Bertha H. Palmer is President and Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke 
Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, 

The World's Congress Auxiliary was organized for the 
purpose of holding a series of Congresses to supplement 
the Exposition that will be made of the material progress of 
the world by a portrayal of the achievments in science, liter- 
ature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charity, 

3 



74 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

art, religion and other branches of mental activity. The 
Hon. C. C. Bonney of Chicago is President of the Congress 
Auxiliary, but equal praise for its success is due to the Hon. 
Thomas B. Bryan, the cosmopolitan scholar of the Exposi- 
tion, whose matchless diplomacy has been so many times in- 
voked to crown the triumphs of the great World's Fair en- 
• terprise. George R. Davis, of Chicago, is Director General 
of the entire Exposition, and therefore its chief executive 
officer. In the joint Board of Control is of course vested 
the actual management, and from the verdict of this board 
there is no appeal. The financial situation of the World's 
Columbian Exposition at the present time is most satisfac- 
tory. The recent appropriation of Congress, quickly fol- 
lowed by- the sale of $4,000,000 debenture bonds, placed 
the enterprise in a position to meet any expense to be incurred 
before the opening of the gates. To Lyman J. Gage, Ex- 
President of the World's Columbian Exposition, is due great 
praise for his excellent services in every hour of financial 
crisis which the Exposition has experienced. The following 
figures, official and estimated, show the amount of cash from 
all sources that will be available for Exposition expenses up 
to the close of the Fair • 
From capital stock and proceeds of the City of 

Chicago bonds $10,500,000 

Appropriation from U. S. Treasury in souvenir 

coins 2,500,000 

Premium on same 2,500,000 

Proceeds on Debenture Bonds 4,000,000 

Total $19,500,000 

Gate Receipts for Admission to the Exposition . . 10,000,000 

From concessions and privileges 3,500,000 

Salvage , 1,500,000 

$15,000,000 

Total estimated receipts $34,500,000 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 75 

From this 834,500.000 there must he deducted the total 
cost of construction and operating expenses which are esti- 
mated as follows: 

Cost of constructing the buildings, preparatory 

expenses, etc.. to May 1st. 1893 .$18,750,000 

Operating expenses from May 1st. 1893 2.500.000 

Total $21,250,000 

If these figures are borne out by results, and everjr 
World's Fair official appears to think they will be, there will 
be available for payment of bonds and distribution among 
stockholders in 1894 about $13,250,000. If their expectations 
are realized stockholders will have reason for congratulation. 
The World's Columbian cost three times as much as any 
previous Exposition in the history of the World. It occupies 
four times as many acres, and has about twice as much space 
under roof as the greatest of former Expositions. Xo Exposi- 
tion of the past has ever received the support of more than one- 
third the nations of the World, while the Columbian Exposition 
has received recognition and application for space from every 
civilized nation of the globe. Russia, a nation which has 
always held aloof from the international Expositions of 
Europe, testifies a special friendship for the United States 
by sending a magnificent collection of priceless art 
treasures, which have never before been allowed to cross the 
Russian frontier. The following are the countries which 
officially made application for space and received allot- 
ments: Argentine Republic, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, 
Brazil, Bulgaria, Chili, China, Columbia, Corea, Costa Rica? 
Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ecuador, France and its Provinces, 
Great Britain and every British Possession, Greece, Guatemala, 
Hawaiian Islands, Hayti, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, 
Liberia, Mexico, Madagascar, Norway, New Foundlands and 
all Colonies, Nicaragua, Paragua, Persia, Peru, Russia, Salva- 
dor, San Domingo, Servia, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland, 
Uruguay and Venezuela. 

5 



j6 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Of these the following countries have independent 
government buildings: Austria, Canada, Ceylon, China, 
Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, Great Britain, Quate- 
mala, Hayti, Italy, Japan, Nicaragua, Norway, Russia, Swe- 
den and Turkey. 

Concessions have been made for the purpose of conduct- 
ing theatres, restaurants, shops and representations of native 
life to the following governments : Algeria, Austria, China, 
British India, Dahomey, Egypt, Hungary, the Islands of the 
Pacific, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Persia. Sandwich Islands and 
Tunis. 

The following shows the appropriations made by various 
foreign governments : 

Argentine Republic $100,000 

Austria, 102,300 

Belgium, * '. . 57,000 

Bolivia, 30,000 

Brazil, 600,000 

. Columbia, 100,000 

Costa Rica. 150,000 

Denmark, 67,000 

Danish West Indies, 1,200 

Ecuador, 125,000 

France, 733,000 

Germany, 800,000 

Great Britain, 291,000 

Barbadoes, 5,840 

British Guiana, 25,000 

British Honduras, 7,500 

Canada, 100,000 

Cape Colony, 50.000 

Ceylon, 65,600 

India, 30,000 

Jamaica , 24,333 

Leeward Islands, 6,000 

New South Wales, 243,325 

New Zealand, 27,500 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 77 

Trinidad, 15,000 

Greece, 60,000 

Guatemala, , 200,000 

Hawaii, 40,000 

Honduras, 20,000 

Hayti, 25,000 

Japan, 630,000 

Liberia,. 7,000 

Mexico, 50.000 

Morocco, 150,000 

Nietherlancls, 100,000 

Dutch Guiana, 10,000 

Dutch West Indies, 5,000 

Nicaragua, 31,000 

Norway, 56,280 

Orange Free State, ,*„<,. 7,500 

Paragua, aooaooo 100,000 

Peru, ,...,>.». 140,000 

Russia, ■ 46,320 

Salvador, 12,500 

San Domingo, , 25.000 

Spain, 14,0.00 

Cuba, , , ......... 25,000 

Sweden, 108,000 

Uruguay, ...... 24,000 



Total (approx) §5,750.000 

It is estimated at the expenditures of foreign govern- 
ments, in addition to the above, will be at least $2,500,000. 

The following shows the assignment of space made to 
some of the prominent nations of the globe: 

Square Feet. 

Austria, 150,000 

Belgium, 120,000 

Denmark,. 20,000 

France, 250,000 

Germany, 250,000 

7 



78 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Great Britain, .250,000 

Japan, 60,000 

Mexico, 61,000 

British Colonies, 100,000 

Canada, 70,000 

Greece, 10,000 

Russia, 100,000 

Sweden, '. . . 40,000 

Norway, 50,000 

Italy, 45,000 

Spain, 30,000 

Total 1,600,000 

The true magnitude of the World's Columbian Exposition 
can only be realized when it is stated that, the United States 
not considered, the space allotted to foreign nations 
alone exceeds the total space of any previous World's Fair. 
In addition to this will come the space of American exhibi- 
tors, which far exceeds the aggregate of all the foreign nations 
of the world. Nearly every State in the Union made ap- 
propriations for State buildings and State exhibits, and there 
are no less than thirty State buildings on the grounds. 

The most important bureau in connection with the World's 
Columbian Exposition is undoubted the Bureau of Construct- 
ion. Of this bureau D. II. Burnham is Chief, Edward C. 
Shankland is Chief Engineer, and F. L. Olmstead is Land- 
scape Architect. In their several departments the work of 
each of these gentlemen shows to excellent advantage. Chief 
Burnham has been indefatigable in his labors, and the acres of 
graceful structures that now adorn these grounds are a monu- 
ment to his executive abilities. The credit of completing these 
buildings in the remarkably short time is by public acclaim ac- 
corded to Chief Burnham. The example of his unceasing energy 
has been an inspiration to every subordinate, and in an enter- 
prise where so much depended upon co-operation, he has made 
the construction department a perfect mechanism. Chief 
Engineer Shankland is a comparatively young man, only 38 

8 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 79 

years old, but he has had years of experience in important 
government works. He came to public attention in the 
early stages of the Exposition by making the important 
discovery that no allowance had been made for "wind 
pressure" in some of the most important buildings to be con- 
structed in the windy city of Chicago and with the immense 
buildings here constructed, the matter of 4< wind pressure" is a 
most important problem, and Mr. Shankland's discovery and 
the timely rectification of the error saved the management 
hundreds of thousands of dollars. He is a man of few words, 
is unassuming and courteous to all. He is possed of remark- 
able energy and during the construction of the World's Fair 
buildings has, like others, worked day and night for the 
success of the great undertaking. Landscape Architect, 
Olmstead, will be judged by his works. The "bird's eye 
view" of the Exposition grounds is his own creation, and 
while many architect achieved artistic triumph in the con- 
struction of various buildings, the admirable ensemble of their 
location is due to Landscape Architect Olmstead. 

The World's Fair site is in Jackson Park and Midway 
Plaisance, about six miles from the centre of the the city of 
Chicago, and 1,037 acres is embraced in the site. This is 
nearly four times the area of any previous exposition, and 
the number of square feet under roof, over 5,000,000, is nearly 
twice as much as the greatest exposition of the x>ast. The 
beauty of the location of the buildings of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition is, that nearly every structure fronts on the 
lake, the entire Eastern limits of the park for a mile and a 
half being washed by the waters of Lake Michigan. In the 
Northern portion of the park are grouped nearly all the 
State buildings, the Fine Art building, and the various struct- 
ures of Foreign Nations. Next comes the Fisheries building, 
which is situated just North of the lagoon, and directly West 
of the Fisheries building on the opposite side of the park, 
stands the Woman's building and on the same side of the 
lagoon, which parallels the lake, are the Horticultural build- 
ing and the Transportation building. To the Southward of the 

9 



8o AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Government building, on the East side of the lagoon and bor- 
dering on the lake, is the giant structure of the Fair, the 
Manufactures and Liberal Arts building. South of this 
edifice is the great pier, for lake steamers, extending 1,000 
feet into the lake, and on one wing of which is the Music Hall. 
Extending Westward from the i)ier is a long avenue several 
hundred feet wide; All down this grand avenue, encompass- 
ing a beautiful sheet of water, stand imposing buildings along 
the majestic facades of which sweeps the gaze of the visitor 
on the Administration building nearly a mile distant. 
West of the Agricultural building stands Machinery Hall 
which is its equal in size and is especially rich in architectur- 
al lines and details. To the Northward of the Administra- 
tion building on either side, and facing the Grand avenue 
stand two more immense buildings, one for the Electrical and 
the other for the Mining exhibit. Near by is the wooded 
island a delightful gem of primitive nature — in striking con- 
trast with the elaborate productions of human skill which 
surround it. In the Southwest portion of the grounds are 
great depots, the numerous railway tracks and the stock 
pavilions. The Forestry building fronts the lake in the South- 
east, and near by is the Sawmill, the Dairy building and 
various other smaller but equally interesting structures. 

The architectural groupings and grandeur of highly 
ornamental design will, collectively, excel all previous 
attemps at any Exposition. The plan of arrangements for 
the grounds will present features in landscape effect, statuary, 
fountains, inland lakes, ornamental bridges, avenues and 
floral designs so artistic in their beauty as to command the 
admiration of the world. The frontage of the grounds on 
Lake Michigan affords grand opportunities for marine dis- 
plays of the most magnificent character, which will be taken 
full advantage of by the management to furnish beautiful 
attractions which otherwise could not be attempted. 

It may be said that the exhibits at the Exposition 
cover a wider range are far more numerous than were 
ever before gathered together. The whole World is interested 

10 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 8l 

and all the Nations of the earth will participate with the 
grandest and most creditable characteristic exhibits of their 
arts, sciences, natural resources, customs, condition and pro- 
gress of their people. From far-away India, Burmah, Siam, 
China, Japan, Persia, Islands of the Pacific, Australia, Tas- 
mania, Egypt, Turkey and the strange lands of mysterious 
and almost unknown Africa will come attractions of inter- 
esting character. All the European nations display great 
interest in the Exposition, and all give assurance of the 
unqualified support and co-operation. Their finest collect- 
ions of art will be gathered here, and each country promises 
to display in the most complete manner its varied resources. 
All of the countries of South and Central America with 
Mexico are making the most elaborate preparation for an 
extensive exhibition of their splendid resources and pro- 
ducts. Millions of money will be expended by these foreign 
countries, and the beauty of the Exposition will be enhanced 
thereby to a greater degree. The contemplated plans of many 
of these countries indicate an intention to construct buildings 
of the finest character in which to make their exhibits. The 
style of architecture will be characteristic of the country 
represented. It will thus be seen that in addition to the 
beautiful buildings erected by the Exposition there will also be 
a grand display of architecture from every part of the world, 
making the variety of design so extensive as to be bewilder- 
ing in its outlines. 

Buildings and Grounds. — The dimensions of the great 
Exposition buildings are indicated in the following table : 

Dimensions Area in 

in feet. Acres. 

Manufactures and Liberal Arts . . . 787 x 1687 30.5 

Administration 262 x 262 1.6 

Mines 350 x 700 5.6 

Electricity .345 x 690 5.5 

Transportation 256 x 960 5.6 

Transportation Annex... 425 x 900 8.8 

Woman's 199 x 388 1.8 

n 



82 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Art Galleries 320 x 500 3.7 

Art Galleries Annexes (2) 120 x 200 1.1 

Fisheries 165 x 365 1.4 

Fisheries Annexes (2) 135 diarn. .8 

Horticulture 250 x 998 5.7 

Horticulture Greenhouses (8) 24 x 100 .5 

Machinery 492 x 846 9.6 

Machinery Annex 490 x 550 ' 6,2 

Machinery Power House 490 x 461 "| 

Machinery Pumping Works 77 x 84 y 2.1 

Machinery Machine Shop 10 o x 250 J 

Agriculture 500 x 800 9,2 

Agriculture Annex 300 X 550 3,8 

Agriculture Assembly Hall, etc. . .125 x 450 1.3 

Forestry 208 x 528 2.5 

Sawmill 125 X 300 .8 

Dairy 100 x 200 .5 

Live Stock (2) 65 x 200 ,9 

Live Stock Pavilion 280 x 440 2.8 

Live Stock Sheds ... 40.0 

Casino 120x250 ,7 

Music Hall 120 x 250 .7 



153.7 

United States Government 345 x 415 3.3 

United States Government Imita- 
tion Battleship 69.25 x 348 ,3 

Illinois State 160x450 1.7 

lllinios State Wings (2) .3 



159.3 



The Exposition buildings, not including those of the 
Government and Illinois, have also a total gallery area of 
45.9 acres, thus making their total floor space 199.7 acres. 
The Fine Arts building has 7,885 lineal feet, or 145,852 square 
feet of wall space. 

12 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 8$ 



11. 

THE JOURNEY TO THE FAIR 



The World's Columbian Exposition is located at Jack- 
son Park and Midway Plaisance, seven miles South of the 
City Hall of Chicago. By railroad the time occupied to 
reach it is about half an hour, by steamboat forty-five min- 
utes, and by cable cars about one hour's journey. 

These are the three principal methods of reaching the 
Exposition grounds with a possible fourth route for the lux- 
urious, to be found by driving to the park by way of the 
magnificent Michigan Avenue Boulevard. The more usually 
used routes are : 

I. By Illinois Central Kailroad — (From the Lake 
Front Depot, or at the foot of Yan Buren street 
quitting the cars at South Park Station or Woodlawn Park 
Station). South Park Station, usually called Hyde Park, is 
perhaps the more convenient. Trains run each way every 
few minutes and the round trip fare (if a ticket is procured 
before entering the cars) is twenty-five cents. The line skirts 
Lake Michigan almost until it reaches the Park and the view 
is varied and pleasing. A loop is in course of construction 
by which excursion trains containing visitors by any rail road 
will be enabled to enter the Central Railroad Station in the 
grounds without quitting the cars or any transfer. 

II. By South Side Elevated Road, running from 
Congress street Station near the Auditorium whichhasits own 
depot in the grounds. Fare five cents. It affords a speedy 
ana agreeable method of reaching the grounds, 

J3 



84 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AN13 

III. By Boat on Lake Michigan, leaving the clocks on the 
Lake Front, at the foot of Van Buren street and landing at 
the Exposition Pier opposite the foot of G3d street. Bound 
trip fare twenty-five cents, single trip fifteen cents. 

IV. By the Cottage Grove Avenue cable cars, taking 
those labeled (Jackson Park) which Tuns as far as the 57th 
street entrance to the grounds. Fare five cents each way. 

According to conservative estimates by those who have 
given the subject a great deal of study, the average daily 
attendance at the Exposition will be upwards of 150,000. It 
is believed that on some days the attendance will reach more 
than 400,000— the approximate number who visited the Paris 
Exposition of 1889 on its last day. Jackson Park, where the 
exposition will be held, is between seven and eight miles from 
the center of the city, where are situated the great hotels and 
railway depots, and where the great majority of visitors must 
necessarily start. 

By what means are the enormous crowds to get to and 
from Jackson Park? The existing railway and street car 
facilities are equal to transporting only about 50,000 an hour, 
or, say, 250,000 during the hours within which nearly all 
visitors will want to reach the Exposition. These facilities 
will be increased, of course, and may be doubled. But even 
on that supposition there remains an immense number of visi- 
tors, ranging on different days all the way from 100,000 to 
200,000 to be transported. 

The great majority of this excess must be taken to Jack- 
son Park by steamboats on Lake Michigan. There is no reason 
whatever why two or three hundred steamboats may not ply 
between the Lake Front park and the Exposition grounds. 

The distance is such that the round trip can easily be 
made in an hour and a half, allowing ample time for taking 
on and discharging passengers. The landing facilities for 
steamboats' at either end of the route are practically unlim- 
ited. At Jackson Park very extensive piers and docks have 
been constructed. 

The lake route to the Exposition grounds is unques- 

14 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 85 

tionably the most delightful and popular. There can 
be no doubt that the great majority of visitors will prefer to 
reach the pari: by that means if the facilities are such as to 
3iiable them to do so. The steamboats are sure to carry full 
loads even on the days when the combined facilities for 
reaching the grounds are greatly in excess of the crowds. 

From the dec ; of a steamboat the visitor will obtain a 
view such as he cannot get in any other way, and it will be 
one of such surpassing attractions that no visitor will be 
content to miss it. lie will traverse Chicago's great outer 
harbor, where almost innumerable craft, large and small, 
with colors flying, will be plying to and fro. Passing out 
into the lake he will see spread before his gaze for miles, a 
panorama of the best built and busiest city in the world. 
Before he tires of this the scene changes and before him lies 
the marvelously beautiful perspective of the Exposition with 
its gilded dome, its fountains, statuary, greensward and 
flowers — all gay with color or surroundings. The architect- 
ural and landscape features of the Exposition will present a 
much more beautiful picture from the lake than they would 
from the top of Eiffel tower, and this fact will weigh potently 
in inducing visitors to patronize the steamboats. The cool- 
ing lake breezes and the charming music on the water will 
also have their effect in the same direction. 

The Exposition management is not overlooking any- 
thing which will contribute to the success of the great enter- 
prise or to the accommodation, comfort and pleasure of the 
millions of visitors that are expected. Among other things 
it has given a great deal of attention and study to the ques- 
tion of transportation facilities to and from the grounds. 
The Directors fully appreciate the fact that the lake route 
will be considered incomparably the most pleasurable of all, 
and also that its availability is practically unlimited. 
Accordingly they are providing every possible facility for 
the reception of the visitors at the grounds by that route, 
and stand ready to encourage in every proper way all 
transportation companies, corporations and individuals who 

15 



86 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

may contemplate putting steamboats in the Exposition 
passenger transportation business. 

One important consideration, not referred to above, 
which is exceedingly favorable to Exposition visitors, and 
to those who may engage in the Exposition steamboat 
traffic, is this: Nearly all of the great railway depots in 
Chicago are situated near the river or lake, so that it will be 
entirely practicable for the steamboats to take aboard their 
loads of passengers and to transport them thence to the 
Exposition grounds. Visitors will thus avoid all the trouble 
and expense of making their way through the crowded city. 
There is no question that this arrangement will accommo- 
date thousands of visitors and so influence them to prefer 
the lake route. Still further accommodation to passengers 
will undoubtedly be furnished through perfecting arrange- 
ments whereby the railroads can sell round trip Exposition 
excursion tickets, which will entitle the holders not only to 
the railway journey, but also to the steamboat trip directly 
from the depot of arrival to the Exposition grounds and 
return. 

The steamer christened the Christopher Columbus, was 
built for the special purpose of carrying passengers from the 
World's Fair pier in front of the Auditorium to the Exposi- 
tion buildings at Jackson Park. She has accommodations 
for 7,000 passengers, and is by far the largest excursion boat 
afloat. In appearance she is entirely unlike any recognized 
type of passenger steamer and is almost as great a departure 
from any existing type as was the original whale-back barge. 
Her hull, excepting that the lines are somewhat finer, 
resemble the ' pigs'" w T hich are used as freight carriers. 

The steamer is built entirely of steel. She is 3G2 feet 
over all, 42 feet beam and 24 feet deep. She is supplied 
with a triple expansion engine of 2, GOO horse power, and 
steam at a maximum pressure of 160 pounds is supplied 
by six boilers of the Scotch type. She is expected to devel- 
ope a speed of twenty miles an hour w T ith a single screw- 
of 14 feet diameter. 

ie 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 87 

The hull is on the web frame principle and is subdi- 
vided with nine water tight bulkheads, in addition to which 
extending from bow aft, is a fore-an-aft bulkhead 42 feet 
long. She has a double bottom, 42 inches deep, with a 
water ballast capacity of 730 tons, built on the Mclntyre 
principal. The only radical departure from the ordinary 
whaleback model in the hull proper is the fact that space 
for the boilers and engine is provided amidship instead of 
aft. 

Unlike the other craft built by the barge company, how- 
ever, she is provided with seven turrets, which rises seven 
and one-half feet above the turtle-back deck. These alone 
indicate the peculiar use for which she is intended. These 
turrets provide room for stairways, engine-room and air fans. 
They also support the steel deck, upon wmich will be built 
the cabins. The space between decks is left open amidships 
will be the dining and refreshment booths. 

The steel saloon deck is sheathed with wood, and 
as the boat is intended only for excursion purposes, there 
will be no staterooms. The entire deck is taken up 
with the grand Saloon, 225 feet long and 30 feet wide. The 
after end will be cut off and used exclusively for ladies The 
rest is all open, and it is richly and handsomely fur- 
nished and finished. 

A most attractive feature of the grand saloon is a 
marble and glass fountain with a glass tank six feet in diame- 
ter filled with lake water. In it is shown the many vari- 
eties of fish found in the great lakes, including the famous 
speckled trout. The water is supplied by an electric 
motor and is drawn from one of the water ballast com- 
partments. 

Above the saloon is the promenade deck, 257 feet long. 
At the forward end is the texas, the grand stairway from the 
saloon, the wheelhouse and the officers quarters. She promi- 
ses to be prominent among the many wonderful features of 
the World's Fair. Already the strange craft and the many 

17 



%g AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

possibilities opened for the feature by her construction are 
most important questions in the maritime world. 

The Christopher Columbus is the first whaleback passen. 
ger boat ever built and launched. The ship was built ex- 
pressly for passenger service on the lake, and her first impor- 
tant work will be carrying of excursionists from the lake 
front to Jackson Park during the World's Fair. The launch- 
ing was accomplished under the immediate direction of Capt. 
Alex. McDougall, inventor of the whaleback style of vessels, 
and superintendent of the construction of the fleet of vessels 
already in service on the lakes. 

The feature of the whaleback ship is that she presents no 
lines of resistance to the buffeting waves and rides without 
rolling through the heaviest seas. Her hull lies practically 
under water. All that portion protruding ,above the surface 
is round and smooth and the billows pass over it without the 
least preceptible shock. It is an innovation in ship building, 
which from Noah to McDougall has always been one of the 
crude, clumsy pattern. Above the round long hull of the 
whaleback rises a succession of towers on steel uprights too 
small to offer perceptible resistance to the waves and above 
these are built whatever of structure is necessary to have 
elevated. The maddest seas sweep over the elusive back of 
the vessel and beneath the towers, affecting in no way the 
carriage of the ship. 

18 



III. 

A TOUR OF THE GROUNDS. 



We will assume that the visitor, or patron of the Mer- 
chants World's Fair Bureau of Information Company has 
arrived in Chicago over night, and with the assistance of the 
guide furnished him has reached his previously engaged 
rooms. Then refreshed by a sound sleep, fortified by a sub- 
stantial breakfast he desires to start off bright and early to 
visit the myriad wonders of the vast and beautious " White 
City". Naturally, he desires, On the first day of his visit to 
reach the Fair grounds as rapidly as possible. Let him pro- 
ceed to the Elevated Railroad Depot at Congress Street, be- 
tween Wabash Avenue and State Street, and then take the 
cars direct for the World's Fair Grounds. This line which is 
located in the alley between Wabash Avenue and State Street 
serves as on of the principal routes to the World's Fair 
grounds. It has twenty locomotive?, sixty cars, thirty-seven 
miles of track, and cost $3,730,000. Opened for traffic on 
June 6, 1892, it reaches Jackson Park in thirty-two minutes. 
The stations are: Congress Street (down town terminus), 
Twelfth, Eighteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-sixth, Twenty- 
ninth, Thirty-first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fiifth, Thirty-ninth, 
Indiana Avenue, (here the line crosses to the alley between 
Prairie and Calumet Avenues), Forty-third, Forty-seventh, 
Fifty-first, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-eighth, Sixty-first, South Park, 
Cottage Grove, Lexington, Madison, Stony Island and Jack- 
son Park. Fare, 5 cents single journey. The views on the 
route are not particularly interesting, consisting mainly of 

id 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 91 

back yards and clothes lines, but as the train reaches 40th 
Street it crosses fine Boulevards, and later runs in view of 
Washington Park. At the Fair grounds the train lands the 
visitor right in the grounds ; in a specially constructed depot. 
Paying the entrance fee of 50 cents he receives a ticket and 
enters the Fair grounds: in close proximity to the principal 
buildings which will be the prime objects of his inspection. 

On entering the grounds the visitor will find himself at 
once confronted by the Transportation Building. This, in 
the form of three large train sheds, is 256 by 960 feet and has 
a floor area of nearly 9^ acres. An annex is 425 by 900 feet 
and contains 9}£ acres of floor area. Cost of both, $370,000. 
Architects, Adler & Sullivan of Chicago. The cupola is 166 
feet high; is exactly in the center of the building, and is 
reached by eight elevators, which will form an exhibit. The 
main entrance is on the opposite side and consists of a great 
single arch, elaborately ornamented. It is the feature of the 
building and is called the "Golden Door'\ The annex con- 
sists of one story buildings, 64 feet wide, placed side by side. 

The Transportation Building is exquisitely refined and 
simple in architectural treatment, although very rich and 
elaborate in detail. In style it savors very much of the Ro- 
manesque, although to the initiated the manner in which it is 
designed on axial lines, and the solicitude shown for fine pro- 
portions, and subtle relations of parts to each other, will at 
once suggest the methods of composition followed at the 
Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. 

Viewed from the lagoon, the cupola of the Transporta- 
tion Building forms the effective southwest accent of the 
quadrangle, while from the cupola itself, reached by eight 
elevators, the northern court, the most beautiful effect of the 
entire Exposition may be seen in all its glory. 

The main entrance to the Transportation Building con- 
sists of an immense single arch enriched to an extraordinary 
degree with carvings, bas-reliefs and mural paintings, 
the entire feature forming a rich and beautiful, yet quiet, 
color climax, for it is treated in leaf, and is called the u Golden 

20 



92 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICACO AND 

Door." The remainder of the architectural composition falls 
into a just relation of contrast with the highly wrought en- 
trance, and is duly quiet and modest, though very broad in 
treatment. It consists of a continuous arcade with subordi- 
nated colonnade and entablature. Numerous minor entrances 
are from time to time pierced in the walls, and with them 
are grouped terraces, seats, drinking fountains and statues. 

The interior of the building is treated much after the 
manner of a Roman Basilica with broad nave and aisles. The 
roof is therefore in three divisions. The middle one rises 
much higher than the others, and its walls are pierced to form 
a beautiful arcaded clear story. The cupola, placed exactly 
in the center of the building, and rising 165 feet above the 
ground, is reached by eight elevators. These elevators of 
themselves naturally form a part of the transportation ex- 
hibit, and as they also carry passengers to galleries at various 
stages of height, a fine view of the interior of the building 
may easily be obtained. The main galleries of this building, 
because of the abundant elevator facilities, prove quite acces- 
sable to visitors. 

The main building of the transportation exhibit measures 
900 feet front by 250 feet deep. From this extends westward 
to Stony Island avenue an enormous, annex covering about 
nine acres. This is one story only in height. In it .may be 
seen the more bulky exhibits. Along the central avenue or 
nave, the visitor may see facing each other scores of locomo- 
tive engines, highly polished and rendering the perspective 
effect of the nave both exceedingly novel and striking. Add 
to the effect of the exhibits the architectural impression 
given by a long vista of richly ornamental colonnade, and it 
may easily be seen that the interior of the Transportation 
Building is one of the most impressive of the Exposition. 
It covers a space of 960 by 256 feet, and with the annex and 
entresol includes a total area of nearly seventeen acres, all 
under cover. The heaviest locomotives and cars have been 
transferred from the installation track to tracks for their re- 
ception in the annex, whose accommodations are such that 

21 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 93 

entire trains can be shown connected as in actual use. Eight 
elevators run from the center of the main building to balco- 
nies 115 and 128 feet high. The observatory commands a 
beautiful and comprehensive view of lake, urban and sub- 
urban scenery. The main entrance is of noble dimensions, 
consisting of a series of receding arches treated in gold leaf, 
and decorated with carvings, bas-relief and paintings. Other 
entrances are provided, and near them seats, terraces, fount- 
ains and statues are grouped. The interior is admirably ar- 
ranged for advantageous display, and into its broad nave and 
aisles the annex will open in such a manner as to afford long 
and striking vistas. 

The scope of this department is suggested by its classifi- 
cations which recognize or are associated with nearly all di- 
versities of industrial development, and include interests as 
broad as the world itself. Its object is to illustrate with 
some degree of historical accuracy the successive stages of 
improvement in methods and appliances of transit and con- 
veyance (on land and water, or in air) peculiar to all countries 
from the remotest period of invention to the present time. 
This is effected by means of actual specimens, or models, 
drawings and photographs, when the originals cannot be ob- 
tained. By comparison and contrast these " objects of inter- 
est'' impart a vast deal of information at once novel, enter- 
taining and instructive. 

The Railway exhibit, within its own exclusive area of 
over eight acres, epitomizes the wonderful story of the adap- 
tation of steam to practical uses, from the crude, experi- 
mental engines of Watt, Trevethick, Stephenson and Cooper 
to the immense and powerful locomotives of to-day. 

In the Marine Division are seen vessels peculiar to the 
navigable waters of all races and peoples, embracing an infi- 
nite variety of rowing and sailing craft — from the Indian 
birch canoe, the clumsy Chinese junk, the Egyptian galley, 
the Eoman trireme and war boats of barbarous tribes to the 
clipper, the graceful yacht and stately steamship of the nine- 

22 



94 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

teenth century ; besides everything of interest pertaining to 
the science of navigation — to life-saving apparatus, etc. 

The third division shows all forms and types of vehicu- 
lar construction and movement on land (except railways), 
and grouped in strange juxtaposition, the old and the new — 
the palanquin of Japan, the primitive ox'cart of the Roman 
farmers, the Greek chariot, the English sedan, and the mod- 
ern bicycle, omnibus and pleasure carriage. Saddlery, har- 
ness, trappings, etc., will also be shown in this division. Nor 
will aerial, pneumatic and other systems of transportation be 
neglected. 

While all requisite efforts have been made to induce a 
full representation of interests local to the United States, the 
Chief of this department also vigorously urged its claims 
upon the attention and co-operation of foreign nations 
through personal correspondence and the friendly offices of 
our accredited agents abroad, and with most gratifying suc- 
cess. . 

The Baltimore & Ohio Railway Company make a his- 
torical exhibit at the World's Fair which will be of absorbing 
interest to all railroad men. Major J. W. Pangborn has 
charge of its preparation. The Baltimore & Ohio claims to 
be the oldest railroad in the world, its two or three predeces- 
sors having been mere tramways for transporting coal, stone 
or ore. The actual construction of the road began on July 
4, 1828, and its first section was in operation six months be- 
fore the Liverpool & Manchester road, the first railroad, in 
the present sense of the word, in Europe. The Baltimore & 
Ohio claims also to be the only one of the pioneer roads 
which has retained its original name and has remained under 
a continuous succession of management. 

The New York Central Railway in its exhibit at the 
World's Fair strikingly illustrates the wonderful improve- 
ments that have been made in railway transportation by 
showing a magnificent, complete vestibuled train and along 
side of it a reproduction of the first train of cars used in this 

23 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 95 

country, the cars of which resemble old-fashioned stage 
coaches. 

The illustration of the great engineering work of the 
world will be one of the most interesting features of the 
transportation exhibit. A large and very perfect model of 
the Forth bridge has been secured. The management of the 
Gothard Railway Company of Switzerland, also shows a 
large model or relief map of that road. This will illustrate 
in the most graphic manner possible the famous St. Gothard 
tunnel and the manner in which mountain inclines are sur- 
mounted by modern engineering science. 

The Hoboken Ferry Company, of New York, shows a 
facsimile model of the twin screw steamer at the World's 
Fair, built in 1805, with original engines and boiler. As a 
contrast to this venerable craft it shows the model of a mod- 
ern screw ferry boat, the Hamburg, built in 1892. 

The Pilot' Commission of New York makes an exhibit of 
a model of a pilot boat, on the scale of one-half inch to the 
foot, and a number of oil paintings illustrating the pilot 
service. 

A very interesting exhibit is made by the steamship and 
railway companies of England. The collection of models of 
battle-ships, yachts, cruisers, steamers and merchant vessels 
is more complete than was ever before exhibited. The Lon- 
don & Northwestern Railway send over a complete train of 
cars headed by a great compound locomotive named " Great 
Britain." This affords an opportunity to compare the Eng- 
lish compartment cars and sleepers with American coaches. 
Several of the railways show their signaling systems. 

Chief Willard A. Smith, of the Transportation Depart- 
ment of the World's Fair, secured for exhibition one of 
the old voyager's boats, which he found in the State Histori- 
cal Museum of Wisconsin, at Madison. The boat is an old 
t^atteau of the pattern used by the French-Canadian fui 
traders in their voyages on the lakes and rivers of the North- 
west before Illinois or Wisconsin had been organized as terri- 
tories. It is a leviathan of canoes, weighing 1,100 pounds, is 

24 



g6 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

thirty feet long, and in its day carried eighteen men and over 
a ton of goods for the Indian trade. Secretary Thwaite, of 
the Wisconsin Historical Museum, on one of his canoe trips 
two years ago found the relic, water-logged, on the banks of 
the upper St. Croix, and had it conveyed to Madison. 

The Great Western Railway of England exhibits the 
famous old locomotive, " The Lord of the Isles," which was 
built at the Company's works in Swindon in 1851, from de- 
signs by the late Sir Daniel Gooch. This locomotive was a 
notable exhibit at the first World's Fair in London in 1851. 
From that time until July, 1881, it was continually in service 
and ran during that period a distance of 789,300 miles with- 
out being fitted with a new boiler. As a pioneer of early 
railroading, and as a contrast to the powerful modern "Mo- 
gul," this old locomotive will attract much attention. 

Thomas Cook & Son, of London, the well-known tourists' 
agents, make an exhibit of means of transportation including 
the following : Norwegian carriole, Norwegian sleigh, Lap- 
land dog sleigh, Irish car, Neapolitan cart, Turkish caique. 
Palestine encampment, camel saddle and harness, elephant 
with howdah, Bombay bullock cart, catamaran, Chinese pa- 
lanquin, Japanese jinriksha, antique English sedan chairs, 
old English traveling chariot, models of dahabeahs and Nile 
steamers, models of boats, and also to show models of various 
Egyptian temples. 

One of the novel exhibits in the marine section of the 
Transportation Department at the World's Fair are 200 pen 
engravings of American steam vessels, beginning with the 
Clermont and following down a typical series to the present 
day. The pictures were sent by the New York Seaboard, a 
marine paper. 

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad makes an elaborate dis- 
play. It includes models of the rolling stock and motive 
power, showing its construction of the first fourteen miles 
which were opened for traffic May 24, 1827, from Baltimore 
to Ellicott Mills, when strap iron was nailed to wooden 
stringers, and the two of the three open coaches, which were 

25 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 97 

called wagons, were hauled by horses. The next step shows 
the "York," the first Locomotive constructed, which was 
built by Phineas Davis, and was purchased by the company 
for $4,000, the price agreed upon before it was built. The 
"wagons" or coaches the "York" pulled, and which the 
horses pulled before it was constructed, are also represented 
by models on the strap-iron track, just as they were when 
they made their first trip. The next representation is models 
of the improvement of the "York," being what is known as 
the "Grasshopper" or "Crab" locomotive, and were received 
by the road from the same maker. The first regular passen- 
ger coaches, or models of them are also exhibited. 

Chief Willard A. Smith, of the transportation department, 
made arrangements for a number of interesting displays while 
in Europe. "The British Commission" found it necessary 
to ask for double the amount of space it had previously re- 
quested. Exhibits are made by the leading railroad com- 
panies. They include railway machinery and appliances 
designed to bring out in the strongest manner the points of 
difference between English and American practices. A com- 
plete passenger train is shown standing upon a stand- 
ard track. Signal appliances (in the practical adoption of 
which England is far ahead of this country) will be illus> 
trated thoroughly. The marine exhibit is the most 
complete that ever left the shores of Great Britain. All of 
the leading shipbuilders and manufacturers of marine appli- 
ances, naval armament and equipment are represented by 
models and full-sized apparatus. Among these models is 
one which has cost over $200,000. The leading steamship 
companies also have very interesting exhibits. The 
bicycle exhibit represent twenty-nine leading manufac- 
turers of Great Britain. The best engineering models in 
Great Britain have been secured, including the magnificent 
model of the Fourth bridge, the lighthouse and harbor 
works, models of the corporation of Trinity house, models 
of the life-boat service association, etc. Also there have 
been secured many historical relics of the early days of rail- 



98 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

roading, including some of the first acts of parliament relat- 
ing thereto, and such other articles of interest as an early 
brass railway ticket, very similar to the baggage checks now 
used in this country. 

The French Commission sent at least eight locomotives? 
Austria sends some carriages and saddlery. The German 
government send several locomotives and cars, and a model 
of the railway station at Frankfort, which is considered the 
best in the world. The German government has also sent a 
considerable portion of the postal museums, which is the larg- 
est and best in the world. Among the other models of special 
interest are some of the old vessels of the Hanseatic league 
from Lubeck Bremen. There are a number of carriages from 
Germany, some of great historical interest. The Belgian 
exhibit is not large, but includes two locomotives, some other 
railway machinery and a large number of carriages. 

Some Big Figures.— The Transportation Building is 
250 feet wide by 960 feet long. The area of the floor is nearly 
9^£ acres. 3,500,000 feet of lumber were used in its construc- 
tion, and over 1,100,000 pounds of iron. The Tranportation 
annex is 900 feet long by 425 feet wide with a floor area of 
93^ acres. Both cost $370,000 and were constructed under 
the architectural supervision of Messrs. Adler & Sullivan, of 
Chicago. In appearance the buildings resemble monster 
train houses side by side, and will probably be sold for this 
purpose after the close of the Exposition. 180 closets and 
toilet rooms are located in this building for the convenience 
of visitors. A railroad lunch counter will be also accessible 
for the hungry with far better fare than the average lunch 
counter provides. 

Relating to Transportation the following figures will be 
interesting: While the Fair was under construction there 
were 154,514 feet of railroad tracks, of which 87,565 remain for 
visitors' use. 

The Transportation Building, like all the other principal 
buildings except the Art Palace, is made of stafT, which is a 
composition of plaster, cement, and hemp, or similar fiber. 

27 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 99 

All the Exposition buildings, and many of the State build- 
ings are covered with staff. It is lighter than wood, is fire- 
proof, waterproof, and, if kept painted, will last many years. 
The architectural and sculptural designs in the coverings of 
the buildings are first modeled in clay, from which model 
moulds are made, and the staff covering is then cast very 
much as iron is cast. Staff has been used for more than one 
hundred years as a covering for buildings, notably in South 
America. The amount of this work on the Exposition build- 
ings is equal to the covering of one wall of a four-story 
building fifteen miles long. 

The Power in the Transportation building is furnished 
from 24,000 horse-power of steam which is provided for the 
Exposition. The engines are in the power house outside of 
Machinery Hall, and one of them is about twice the size and 
power of the celebrated Corliss engine. Oil w T ill be used for 
fuel. The boilers present a solid bank 600 feet long, Of the 
24,000 horse-power, 17,000 is provided for electricity. 

The following is the complete and official classification 
of the Transportation Exhibits: 

CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION EXHIBITS. 



DEPARTMENT G. 

TRANSPORTATION-RAILWAYS, VESSELS, VEHICLES. 

GROUP 80. 
Railways, Railway Plant and Equipment. 



Class 499. Railway Construction and Maintenance- 
Maps, profiles, etc. Grading, track-laying and ballasting 
machinery. Samples of standard permanent way. Systems 
of drainage. Ballast, culverts, ties, methods of preserving 
ties. Rails, rail fastenings, frogs, crossings, switches, etc. 
Cattle guards. Railway bridges, trestles, viaducts with 
models and drawings. Tunneling with machinery, models, 
maps. Methods of constructing, lighting and ventilating 
tunnels. Turn-tables and transfer-tables. Water supply 
and machinery and fixtures used by railroads in connection 
therewith, Track tools. Systems of maintenance. Snow- 



IOO AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

sheds and other protection against snow. General plans, 
elevations and models of stations and other railroad struc- 
tures. 

Class 500. Railway Equipment. — Locomotives for pas- 
senger and freight service. Locomotive appliance, head- 
lights, bells, whistles, brake valves and apparatus, etc. 
Plans, drawings and photographs of locomotives and loco- 
motive shops. 

Passenger cars.— Mail, baggage and express coaches, 
drawing-room, parlor, dining, officers' and private cars, etc. 
Passenger car furnishings and appliances. 

Freight Cars. — Box, caboose, stock, horse, milk, refriger- 
ator, and other varieties. Working cars, sweeping, ditching, 
wrecking, etc. ; snow plows, hand, inspection, push and 
velocipede cars, baggage barrows and trucks. Freight car 
appliances of all descriptions, Plans, drawings, photographs 
of cars and car works. 

Class 501. Railway operation. — Purchasing department. 
Methods of purchasing, storing and distributing material. 
Railway stationery. 

Mechanical Department. — Organizations. Records, 
plans and management of shops. Devices for coaling loco- 
motives, etc. Testing laboratories, Machines, apparatus 
and methods of testing. 

General Train Management. — Dispatching, signaling, 
etc. Speed indicators and recorders. Interlocking switches 
and signals, block systems, etc. Crossing protection by 
gates, signals, etc. Wrecking tools and appliances. Plans 
of yards and methods of storing, cleaning and keeping cars. 
Car interchange and inspection. Systems of accounting, 
records, tracers. 

Railway employes. — Methods of testing for color-blind- 
ness, etc. Uniforms, organizations, etc. Railway sanita- 
tion and surgery and appliances used therein. 

Class 502. Railway Management. — Legal department, 
treasury and accounting departments, passenger depart- 
ment. Advertising. Tickets, ticket cases, punches, baggage 
checks, etc.; Freight department, methods of rate-making, 
soliciting, handling, billing, etc.; Plans, arrangements and 
appliances for handling and housing of freight. Freight- 
handling machinery, track-scales, apparatus for transferring 
grain from car to car. Traffic Assocations, their objectir, 
methods, etc. 

Class 503, History and statistics, exemplified by exhibits 
of old locomotives, cars, track material and other relics. 

29 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. IOI 

Railway law and legislation. Railway technical engineer- 
ing and mechanical associations. Railway literature, 
GROUP 81. 

STREET CAR AND OTHER SHORT LINE SYSTEMS. 

Class 504. Cable roads and cars. Construction, equip- 
ment, methods of operation. Grips and other appliances. 

Class 505, Electric railway cars. Systems of track con- 
struction, equipment and supplies for electric roads, methods 
of operation, appliances and furnishings. 

Class 506. . Cars for street railways or tramways 
operated by horse-power or other means ot propulsion not 
specified. Construction, equipment and supplies. Methods 
of operation. 

Class 507. Elevated and underground railways.— Plans, 
models and maps, showing systems of construction. Sys- 
tems of operation and maintenance. 
GROUP 82. 

MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIAL RAILWAYS. 

Class 508. Mountain railways, spirals, switchbacks, 
rack rails and all systems for climbing inclines, ship rail- 
ways, multiple speed railways (moving platforms and side- 
walks), gravity roads, sliding railways, plans, profiles draw- 
ings, photographs and models. 

GROUP 83. 

VEHICLES AND METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION ON 
COMMON ROADS. 

Class 509. Hand-barrows, wheel-barrows, trunk and 
barrel trucks. 

Class 510. Carts, trucks, drays, farm wagons, garden 
truck wagons. 

Class 511. Freight wagons and other heavy wagons 
for special purposes, beer wagons, express wagons, wagons 
for moving heavy objects, as timbers, stone, iron etc. 
Sprinkling carts. (For fire engines and ladder trucks see 
group 70). 

Class 512. Large wagons for pleasure parties, picnic 
parties and excursions: "breaks," "barges,' ? "wagonettes," 
etc. 

Class 513. Omnibuses, herdics, cabs, hansoms, etc. 

Class 514. Drags, Concord leather spring coaches; mud 
wagons for mail, express and passenger service. 

Class 515. Pleasure carriages, coaches, Victorias, broug- 
hams, dog carts, etc. 

30 



102 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



Class 516. Light pleasure carriages buggies, phaetons, 
etc.; trotting wagons and sulkies. 

Class 517. Sleighs, sleds, cutters, toboggans, snow 
shoes, etc. 

Class 518. Steam and electric carriages, and all vehicles 
for carrying passengers on common roads operated by other 
than horse-power. 

Class 519. Ambulances for special purposes — for the 
sick and injured. Hearses. 

Class 520. Bicycles, tricycles and the appurtenances. 

Class 521. Rolling chairs for invalids and others, baby 
carriages, etc. 

Class 522. Wagons and carriage woodwork, hardware 
and fittings. 

Class 523. Harness, saddlery, robes, whips and accesso- 
ries of the stable. 

GROUP 84. 

AERIAL, PNEUMATIC AND OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTA- 
TION. 

Class 524. Transportation of letters and parcels in pneu- 
matic tubes. 

Class 525. Shop-fittings for the transportation of parcels 
and money. 

Class 526. Balloon transportation and captive balloons 
for observation and experiment. 

Class 527. Passenger elevators and lifts. 

GROUP 85. 

VESSELS, BOATS—MARINE, LAKE AND RIVER TRANSPORTA- 
TION. 

Class 528. Sailing vessels and boats. Sailing vessels 
used in commerce, pilot boats, fishing vessels, sailing yachts, 
ice boats, ship's boats, pleasure boats, canoes and small boats 
of all kinds propelled by sails, oars, or paddles. Models, de- 
signs, drawings, descriptions, specifications, photographs, 
paintings, etc. 

Class 529. Steamships and all vessels propelled by steam, 
electricity or motive power other than sails, oars or paddles, 
Ocean steamships, coasting, lake and river steamers. Tank 
steamers, cable steamers, steam pilot vessels, fishing vessels, 
steam fire, police and patrol boats, steam yachts, tow boats, 
steam launches, napth launches; vessels designed for jet pro- 
pulsion or to be propelled by any unusual device, Models, 
designs, etc. 

31 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 103 



(lass 530. Vessels, boats and floating structures for spe- 
cial purpo.-es. Docks and other receptacles for vessels and 
structures used for docking and hauling out vessels or boats. 
Transports for carrying railway trains or cars, barges, canal 
boats; coal rafts and coal boxes; water boats, dredges, float- 
ing derricks, elevators, etc. Dry docks and marine railways. 
Models, designs, drawings, etc. 

Class 531. Marine mechanical appliances. (For nauti- 
cal instruments, see Group 151.) (For marine engines, 
boilers, pumps, condensers and appurtenances see Group 69.) 
Devices for propulsion, devices for obtaining forced draft, 
steam capstans, windlasses, deck winches, appliances to fa- 
cilitate loading and discharging cargoes, steering apparatus ; 
marine electric motors, electric indicators, engine room and 
bridge signals system and apparatus; boat lowering and de- 
taching apparatus, speed indicators and speed registers, ap- 
pliances for laying, picking up and repairing ocean telegraph 
cables, etc. 

Class 532. Construction, outfit, equipment and repair of 
vessels. Methods, articles, fittings or appurtenances. Meth- 
ods and materials used ; special designs for hull or fittings ; 
plates, cellulose, woodite, etc. ; water-tight compartments, 
rudders, masts and spars, rigging; anchors, chains and ca- 
bles; hawsers, ropes cordage, wire rope, etc.; sails, blocks 
and tackles, oars, etc. 

Class 533. Methods of lighting, heating, ventilation and 
refrigeration of ships. 

Class 534. Protection of life and property and communi- 
cation at sea. Harbors, light-houses, buoys and similar aids 
to navigation and all pertaining thereto ; life-saving service, 
boats, rafts, belts, etc. ; precautions against fire aboard ship 
and devices for extinguishing it; storm and coast signals; 
marine signals. Models, plans, samples, etc. 

Class 535. Wrecking apparatus. Sub-marine armor and 
divers' appliances, pontoons for raising vessels, equipment 
for wrecking-steamers, etc. 

Class 536. Miscellaneous. Trophies of yacht and boat 
clubs, relics of merchant marine and river transportation, 
relics of Arctic and other exploration, seamen's associations 
uniforms and designations of rank, flags and ensigns of mer- 
chant marine, yacht clubs, etc., designs, maps, charts and 
boats. 

32 



104' AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



GROUP 86. 

NAVAL WARFARE AND COAST DEFENSE. 

Class 538. Armored vessels. Battle-ships, rams, cruis- 
ers, coast defense ships. Models, designs, drawings, descrip- 
tions, specifications, photographs, paintings, etc. 

Class 538. Unarmored vessels. Frigates, sloops and 
gun vessels, cruisers, dispatch vessels and tenders, torpedo 
boats, sub-marine boats, public vessels for special service, 
revenue vessels, surveying vessels, etc. Man-of-war boats, 
etc. Models, designs, etc. 

Class 539. Ships and boats of war of barbarous and semi- 
civilized nations. Models, drawings, photographs, etc. 

Class 540. Models and relics of famous ships of war, 
relics of naval battles, etc. 

Class 541. Training ships, naval schools, naval insti- 
tutes, naval reserve, etc. 

Class 542. Guns and armor, and adjuncts and appliances 
of naval warfare (see also Group 113.) Guns, armor, torpe- 
does, small arms for naval use, projectiles and ammunition, 
fuses, sub-marine mines, methods, devices, fittings or appli- 
ances designed for use in naval warfare and coast defense. 

The transportation exhibits naturally include everything 
of whatsoever name or sort, devoted to the purpose of trans- 
portation, and range from a baby carriage to a mogul engine ; 
from a cash conveyor to a balloon or carrier pigeon. Tech- 
nically this exhibit includes everything comprised in Class G 
of the official classification. 

Leaving the Transportation Building by the same door 
as we entered at and proceeding southward the tourist notices 
the Hygeia Cooling Plant. This exhibit is useful as well 
as instructive, for in it is cooled for drinking purposes the 
water of the famed Hygeia Spring of Waukesha, Wisconsin, 
which is transmitted in pipes direct from the spring 
to the Exposition grounds. At numerous and notice- 
able stands in the grounds the thirsty traveler is able to slake 
his thirst and at the price of one cent a glass to receive a 
sparkling glass of this beneficial beverage from the hands of 
an attractively attired and beautiful girl. 

The next noticeable feature is the official Exhibit of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad housed in the building to 

33 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 105 

our right. It is well worth a careful inspection as indicative 
of the excellent facilities to be found on this justly famous 
line of railway. 

Proceeding, we pass the exhibit of the United States 
Wind Engine and Pump Company of Batavia, Illinois, 
and find ourselves before the Cold Storage plant of the 
Exposition. This is a concession made to the Hercules Iron 
Works and will be a novel feature to many attending the 
Fair. Within it will be made from 80 to 90 tons of ice each 
day. Three distinct systems will be shown, also the ice har- 
vesting and the preservation of perishable articles in cold 
storage. This will be a pleasant spot to cool off in when the 
thermometer is 100° outside. The building is 130 by 255 feet, 
five stories high with four imposing towers, each 100 feet 
high, for observatories and ascended by elevators. The cen- 
tral tower is 191 feet high, is used as a smokestack, and is 
said to be the most artistic smokestack in existence. A skat- 
ing rink is also operated here. Having seen the various 
processes we proceed and now notice The 

Terminal Railway Station, where all trains entering 
the grounds during the period of the Fair will discharge pas- 
sengers. All railways will have access to the Fair Grounds 
from the city via Seventy-fifth street, entering the southwest 
corner of the grounds. The central station stands between 
the Mining Building and the Machinery Hall annex, blocking 
on the west that thoroughfare, leading to the Administration 
Building on the east. Thirty-five tracks, thirty-four of which 
are laid in pairs, terminate on the west side of the station. 
All railroads running trains to the grounds will, with one ex- 
ception, discharge passengers here. The one exception is 
the Illinois Central road. Four railway tracks extending 
north on Seipp avenue from Seventy-first street are the stem 
or pan-handle of the entire system. By means of the Y's at 
Seventy-first street trains are turned over the Seipp avenue 
tracks. An annex to the grounds extends south of Sixty-sev- 
enth street for two blocks or more. These tracks cut in half, 
north and south. To the east of them the space is taken up 

34 



106 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

by the great warehouse for packing-eases. To the west the 
; ' storage yards,'' as they are called, spread out into twenty- 
four lines of tracks. Between these yards and the terminal 
yards at the station four main tracks extend, with half a 
dozen others connecting the two great webs. During the Ex- 
position the four track connection will be always open, while 
the others may be used by special trains which it may be de- 
sired to back down into the storage yards and hold in wait- 
ing. The Illinois Central Railroad, by special concession, 
discharges passengers at the Midway Plaisance crossing, 
where four stations are erected. All other excursion trains 
will run into the Central or Terminal Depot so that no trans- 
fer of passengers will be necessary. The Terminal Railroad 
depot is 150 by 300 feet, with an annexed train shed 100 by 
672 feet, cost $225, 000, and is built to accommodate 25,000 at 
one time. Provision is made for loading and unloading 36 
trains at one time on reserved tracks. Two monster locomo- 
tives adorn its main entrance, each weighing 160,000 pounds 
and being mounted on a pedestal. They are exhibited by the 
Rogers Locomotive Works and the Brooks Company re- 
spectively. 

The elevated station of the South Side Rapid Transit 
Company will be a central point for incoming and outgoing 
visitors. This road enters the grounds high over the Illinois 
Central tracks, at Sixty-third street, terminating on the south 
end of the roof of the annex to the Transportation Building. 
The elevated station is on a ievel with the roof of the Trans- 
portation Building, with three pairs of stairs leading up to it. 
On the same level there is a transfer platform to the elevated 
Intramural Line which encircles the grounds. This line 
starts at a big elevated loop northeast of the Government 
Building and runs north to the limits of the park at Fifty- 
sixth street. Here it follows the Fifty-sixth street line west 
to Stony Island avenue, and down the avenue line to a point- 
half-way between Sixty-second and Sixty-third streets. Here 
it turns obliquely towards the Transportation Building, par- 
allels ft, passes over the Central Railroad station's tracks 

35 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 107 

and along the south end of the Machinery Hall annex. It 
turns east along the south side of the annex, thence obliquely 
into the southeast corner of the park. Here it turns north, 
terminating in another loop, which is just east of the Agri- 
cultural annex and just south of tne convent La Rabida. 
Trains run at the rate of 12 miles an hour and make 11 stops 
in the run of 3 6-10 miles. Stops will be made at the Trans- 
portation Building (entrance of the Elevated Railroad), the 
Central Railroad terminal station, the Colonnade between 
Machinery and Agricultural Buildings, the Forestry Build- 
ing and the loop near the Krupp Iron Works. On the return 
journey after passing the South Side Elevated Railroad ent- 
trance the intramural road will load and discharge passengers 
at Sixty-second, Fifty-ninth and Fifty-seventh streets, the 
Iowa State Buildings and the terminal loop near the Govern- 
ment Plaza. The stations are covered platforms with stair- 
ways leading to the tracks above. Tickets will be collected 
at the stairways the same as on an ordinary elevated road. 
The fare will be 10 cents. Each car has seven doors on either 
side, and a colored canvas curtain running in a continuous 
line from end to end. They are handsomely decorated in 
bronze color, and each bears in letters of gold with scarlet 
trimmings the single word " Intramural." The cars come 
from the works of Jackson & Sharp, Wilmington, Delaware. 
They are 50 feet long, 8 feet wide and built to accommodate 98 
passengers each. The seats are arranged as in a summer 
street car, across the width. One lever only is used to open 
and shut all the doors, which are split in the middle and 
slide back instead of turning on a hinge. The peculiar feat- 
ure of the cars is the method of propulsion employed. In- 
stead of a detached locomotive each train of four or less cars 
is controlled from the front part of the first car where the 
engineer is stationed with his levers and air-brake. The mo- 
tors are placed on the axles of the cars and by a novel 
spool arrangement they are capable of taking enough elec- 
tricity to generate 400 horse power, from a wire which runs 
between the rails. A train crew consists of an engineer, con- 

36 



io8 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




M 

9 

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P 

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521 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. IO9 

cluctor and two brakemen. The air brake is modeled on a 
new pattern in which the air is supplied through a combina- 
tion motor and pump carried in the cab with the engineer. 
Capital of the road, one million dollars. Capacity, 8,000 peo- 
ple per hour. The distances on the grounds are so great that 
visitors will find this arrangement to be a great source of 
convenience and comfort. Other means of transit will be 
provided inside of the grounds. One of these, and in fact the 
most attractive of all, will be the means of water transit 
through the lagoons, canal and basin. The waterways 
inside the grounds cover an area of about eighty-five acres. 
Here are provided launches and small craft of all kinds. 
One can board these boats and travel a distance of nearly 
three miles, passing on the route all of the principal build- 
ings and points of attraction. It will be one of the grandest 
sights of the world, and one to leave an everlasting impres- 
sion on the minds of those who view it. It will be a pano- 
rama of beautiful architecture, landscape effects, floral 
designs, statuary, fountains, etc. We now notice before us 
the gilded dome of the 

Administration Building, which by popular verdict 
is pronounced the gem and crown of the Exposition palaces. 
It is located at the West end of the great court in the South- 
ern part of the site, looking Eastward, and at its rear axe the 
transportation facilities and depots. The most conspicuous 
object which will attract the gaze of visitors on reaching the 
grounds is the gilded dome of this lofty building. This im- 
posing edifice cost 8550,000. The architect is Eichard M. 
Hunt, of New York, President of the American Institute of 
Architects, to whose established reputation it is a notable 
contribution. It covers an area of 260 feet square and con- 
sist of four pavilions 84 feet square, one at each of the four 
angles of the square and connected by a great central dome 
120 feet in diameter and 220 feet in height, leaving at the 
center of each facade a recess 82 feet wide, within which are 
the grand entrances to the building. The general design is 
in the style of the French Renaissance. The first great 

37 



IIO AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

story is in the Doric order, of heroic proportions, surrounded 
by a lofty balustrade, and having the great tiers of the angles 
of each pavilion crowned with sculpture. The second story, 
with its lofty and spacious colonnades, is of the Ionic ordei\ 
The four great entrances, one on each side of the building, 
are 50 feet wide and 50 feet high, deeply recessed and covered 
by sdmi- circular arched vaults, richly coffered . In the rear 
of these arches are the entrance doors, and above them great 
screens of glass, giving light to the central rotunda. Across 
the face of these screens, at the level of the office floor, are 
galleries of communication between the different pavilions. 
The interior features of this great building even exceed in 
beauty and splendor those of the exterior. Between every 
two of the grand entrances, and the connecting the enter- 
vening pavilion with the great rotunda, is a hall or loggia 
30 feet square, giving access to the offices and provided with 
broad, circular stairways and swift running elevators. Above 
the balcony is the second story. 50 feet in height. From 
the top of the cornice of this story rises the interior dome, 
200 feet from the floor, and in the center is an opening 50 
feet in diameter, transmitting a flow of light from the 
exterior dome over head. The under side of the dome is 
enriched with deep panelings, richly moulded, and the 
panels are filled with sculpture in low relief, and immense 
paintings representing the arts and sciences. In size this 
rotunda rivals, if it does not surpass the most celebrated 
domes of a similar character in the world. 

The dimensions of the Administration Building are as 
follows: 262 feet square. Height of outer dome, 277^ feet 
Height of inner dome, 188 feet. Diameter of dome, 120 feet- 
The four pavilions are 82)4 feet square and 74 feet high. 
The entrances are 50 feet high and 37 feet wide. At the 
at the base of the dome, 136 feet from the ground, is a prom- 
enade gallery, 18 feet wide. Material used.— 3,250,000 feet of 
lumber, 1,562,607 pounds of structural steel. Floor area, 4.2 
acres. The building is most richly ornamented in bas-reliefs, 
frescoing and sculpture. Around the base of the dome, on 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Ill 

the corners of the pavilions, and at the entrances are three 
groups of statuary emblematic of the arts and sciences. 
These groups are from twenty to thirty feet in height. The 
building contains the offices of the Exposition management 
the press headquarters, the foreign department, the post 
office, bank and information bureau. 

Located at the Southern extremity of the Western lagoon, 
or lake, and North of the Transportation building is the 

Mines and Mining Building. This building is 700 
feet long by 350 feet wide, and the Architect is S. S. Beman, 
of Chicago. Its architecture has its inspiration in early Ital- 
ian Renaissance, with which sufficient liberty is taken to invest 
the building with the animation that should characterize a 
great general Exposition. There is a decided French spirit 
prevading the exterior design, but it is kept well subordinated. 
In plan it is simple and straigthforward, embracing on 
the ground floor spacious vestibules, restaurants toilet rooms, 
etc. On each of the four sides of the building are placed the 
entrances, those of the North and South fronts being the most 
spacious and prominent. To the right and left of each 
entrance inside start broad flights of easy stairs leading to 
the galleries. The galleries are 60 feet wide and 25 feet high 
f ion the ground floor and are lighted on the sides by large 
windows, and from above by a high, clear story extending 
around the building. 

The main fronts look Southward on the the great central 
court and Xorthward on the Western and middle lakes, and 
an island gorgeous with flowers. The principal fronts dis- 
play enormous arched entrances, richly embellished with 
sculptural decorations emblematic of mining and its allied 
industries. At each end of these fronts are large square pavil- 
ions surmounted by low domes, which mark the four corners 
of the building, and are lighted by large arched windows 
extending through the galleries. 

Between the main entrance and the pavilions are richly 
decorated arcades, forming an open loggia on the ground 
floor and a deeply recessed promenade on the gallery floor 

39 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 113 

level which command- a fine view of the lakes and islands to 
the Northward and the great central court on the South. 
The covered promenades are each 25 feet wide and 230 feet 
long and from them is had access to the building at numerous 
points. These loggias on the first floor are faced with mar- 
bles of different kinds and hues, which will be considered 
part of the mining exhibits, and so utilized as to have market- 
able value at the close of the Exposition. The loggia ceiling 
will be heavily coffered and richly decorated in plaster and 
color. The ornamentation is massed at the prominent points 
of the facade. The exterior presents a massive, though 
graceful appearance. 

CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS 
IN THE MINES AND MINING BUILDING 
DEPARTMENT E. 
GROUP 42. 
Mines, Mining and Metallurgy. 
Minerals, Ores, Native Metals, Gems and Crystals. Geo- 
logical Specimens. 

Class 290. Collection of minerals, systematically ar- 
ranged. 

class 291. Collection of ores and the associated miner- 
als. Diamonds and gems, rough uncut and unmounted. 
Crystallography. 

Specimens illustrating the formations of the earth systi- 
maticall3 T arranged. 

GROUP 43. 

MINERAL COMBUSTIBLES, COAL, COKE, PETROLEUM, NATURAL 

GAS, ETC. 

Class 292. Coal, anthracite, semi-bituminous, and bitu- 
minous. Coal waste, "slack," coke and pressed coal. 

Class 293. Asphaltite and asphaltic compounds — Ti.n- 
taite, wortzilite grahamite, albertite, bitumen, mineral tar, 
amber. 

Class 294. Petroleum, illuminating and lubricating oil. 

Class 295. Natural gas. — Methods of conveying and 
using. 

GROUP 44. 

BUILDING STONES, MARBLES, ORNAMENTAL STONES AND 
QUARRY PRODUCTS. 

Class 296. Buiding stones, granites, slates, etc., rough 
hewn, sawed or polished for buildings, bridges, walls, or 

40 



114 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



other constructions, or for interior decorations, or for furni- 
ture, — marble, white, black or colored. Stagmitic marbles, 
only brecciated marbles, silicfied wood, agates, jaspers, por- 
phyries, etc., used in buildings, decoration, statuary, monu- 
ments, vases or furniture. 

GROUP 45. 

GRINDING, ABRADING, AND POLISHING SUBSTANCES. 

Class 297. Grinding-stones, hones whetstones, grinding 
and polishing materials, sand quartz, garnet, crude topax, 
diamond, corundum, emery in the rock and pulverized, and 
in assorted sizes and grades. 

GROUP 46. 

GRAPHITE AND ITS PRODUCTS, CLAYS AND OTHER FICTILE 

MATERIALS AND THEIR DIRECT PRODUCTS ' 

ASBESTOS, ETC. 

Class 298. Crude graphite, in blocks and in powder. 

Class 299. Graphite and compounds for coating iron. 

Class 300. Graphite lubricants. 

Class 301. Electro typers' graphite. 

Ciass 302. For pencils, grayons, etc. 

Class 303. Graphite crucibles and melting pots. 

Class 304, Clays, kaolin, silex and other materials for 
the manufacture of porcelain faience and of glass, bricks, 
terra cotta, tiles, and fire brick; various examples. 

Class 305. Refractory stones for lining furnaces; sand- 
stone, steatite, etc., and refractory furnace materials. Mica; 
kidney, sheet or ground. 

Ciass 306. Bauxite clay for the manufacture of 
aluminum. 

Class 307. Abestos, crude and manufactured. 

Class 308. Meerschaum. 

GROUP 47. 

LIMESTONES, CEMENT AND ARTIFICIAL STONE. 

Class 309. Lime, cement and hydraulic cement, raw 
and burned, accompanied by specimens of the crude rock, or 
material used; also artificial stone, concrete, beton, speci- 
mens of lime, mortar, and mixtures with illustrations of 
mixing, etc. Hydraulic and other cements. 

Class 310. beton mixtures and results, with illus- 
trations of the processes. 

Class 311. Artificial stone for building purposes, build- 
ing blocks, cornices, etc. Artificial stone mixtures for 
pavements, walls, or ceilings. 

41 



world's columbUn exposition. 115 



Class 312. Asphalt ic mastics and mixtures; asphaltic 
sand, asphaltic limestone. 

Class 313. Gypson; crude and boiled calcareous; plast- 
ers, mastics, etc. 

GROUP 48. 

SALTS, SULPHUR, FERTILIZERS, PIGMENTS, MINERAL WATERS 
AND MISCELLANEOUS USEFUL MINERALS AND 
COMPOUNDS. 

Class 314. Salt from beds or from brines. 

Class 315. Nitre and other nitrates. 

Class 316. Sulphates, alums and other salts. 

Class 317. Sulphur and pyrites for the manufacture of 
sulphuric acid. 

Class 318. Boracic acid and its salts. Borax. 

Class 319. Pig iron, iron oxides, ochres, vermilion, etc. 

Class 320. Mineral fertilizing substances, gypson, phos- 
phate of lime, marls, shells, coprolites, etc., not manufactured. 
(For commercial fertilizers and compounds see Group 17.) 

Class 321. Mineral Waters, Artesian well water (for com- 
mercial forms, as bottled and as beverages see Group 10.) nat- 
ural brines, saline and alkaline, efflorescences and solutions. 
GROUP 49. 

METALLURGY OF IRON AND STEEL WITH THE PRODUCTS. 

Class 322. Ore mixtures, fluxes and fuels 

Class 323. Blast furnaces, stacks, stoves, blowing appa- 
ratus and arrangements 

Class 324. Pig iron, cast iron and mixtures. 

Class 325. Cupola furnaces. 

Class 326. Direct processes, sponge and blooming plant 
and apparatus. 

Class 327. Puddling furnaces and appliances. 

Class 328. Bessemer machinery; details and arrange- 
ments. 

Class 329. Basic process and apparatus. 

( 'lass 330. Open Hearth Steel, plant and apparatus. 

Class 331. Crucible Steel, plant and apparatus. 

Class 332. Nickel steel. 

Class 333. Maganese iron and steel, chrome steel, alumi- 
num steel, tungsten steel, other forms of steel. 

Class 334. Iron and steel, bars, rods, sheets, wire. 
GROUP 50. 

ALLUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS. 

Class 335. Alluminum pure and commercial; ingots, 
castings, bars, rods, wire sheets and partially manufactured. 

42 



Il6 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 336. Alluminum alloys. 
Class 337. Alluminum alloy wire and wire cloth. 
Class 338. Process for the extraction of aluminum ; elec- 
tric reduction and results. 

GROUP 51. 

COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS, METALLURGY. 

Class 339. Native copper and the methods of extracting, 
melting and refining it. 

Class 340. Copper ores and their treatment by fire. Cop- 
per smelting, pneumatic process, converter system. 

Class 341. Copper extraction in the " wet" way. 

Class 342. Copper in ingots, bars, and rolled, with speci- 
mens illustrating its various stages of production. Copper 
and zinc, brass industry and products regarded as materials 
of manufacture. 

Class 343. Copper and aluminum, aluminum bronze. 
GKOUP 52. 

METALLURGY OF TIN, TINPLATE, ETC. 

Class 344. Tin ores and their treatment. 

Class 345. Block tin and its extraction from tin ore. 

Class 346, Tinplate and methods of cleaning and coating 

iron and steel plates. 

Class 353. Metallurgy of zinc, nickel and cobalt. 

Class 347. Production of spelter. 

Class 348. Sheet and bar zinc. 

Class 349. Production of zinc oxide. 

Class 350. Nickel in ingots, bars, rods, sheets and wire. 

Class 351. Nickel covered steel and iron by rolling. 

Class 352. Nickel " plating/ 1 

Class 353. Nickel salts. 

Class 354. Special nickel alloys, as German silver, etc. 

Class 355. Nickel steel (see Class 332.) 
GROUP 54. 

METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY AND OTHER METALS NOT SPE- 
CIFICALLY CLASSED. 

Class 356. Crude and star antimony. 
Class 357. Antimony compounds and principal alloys. 
Class 358. Arsenic, white arsenic, orpiment and realgar. 
Class 359. Bismuth and alloys ; quicksilver and amal- 
gams. 

GROUP 55. 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY MILLING. 

Class 360. Gold Mills and accessories. 

43 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 117 

Class 361. Silver Mills and accessories. 

Class 362. Apparatus and accessories of amalgamation, 
handling quicksilver. 

Class 363. Retorting, melting, stamping shipping bul- 
lion. 

GROUP 56. 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY LIXIVATION. 

Class 364. Roasting and chloridizing furnaces. 
Class 365. Chlorination process and adjuncts. 
Class 367.< Other processes. 

GROUP 57. 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD, SILVER AND LEAD BY FIRE. 

Class 366. Furnace, plant and appliances. 
Class 368. Lead bullion moulds and bars. 
Class 369. Refining operasions. 
GROUP 58. 

QUARRYING AND WORKING STONE. 

Class 370. Quarrying, channelling and cutting engines. 
Class 371. Derricks and fittings. 

Class 372. Slate cutting, sawing and planing machines. 
Class 373. Machines and apparatus for cutting, turning 
and polishing marble, granite and other stone (see Group 78.) 
GROUP 59. 

PLACER, HADRAULIC AND U DRIFT" MINING. 

Class 374. Apparatus and machines for washing gravel; 
sluices, cradles, toms, rockers, rifles, etc. 

Class 375. Construction of ditches, flumes, pen-stocks, 
etc. 

Class 376. Pipes for conveying water. 

Class 377. "Giants", nozzles and appurtenances, 
GROUP 60. 

TOOLS AND APPLIANCES OF UNDERGROUND MINING, TIMBER- 
ING AND SUPPORTING. 

Class 378. Timber cutting and framing machines 
Class 379. Methods of timbering shown by examples. 
Class 380. Underground chutes, gates and appliances 

for delivering ores. Methods and appliances for ventilating, 

lighting and signaling. 

GROUP 61. 

BORING AND DRILLING TOOLS AND MACHINERY AND APPA- 
RATUS FOR BRINGING OUT ORE AND COAD. 

Class 381. Pic :s, gads and hammers. 

44 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



Class 382. Hand-drills, hammers and blasting instru- 
ments. 

Class 383. Drilling by steam or compressed air "power 
drills," 

Class 384. Diamond drills for prospecting or for sinking 
and driving. 

Class 385. Well and Shaft boring, (various systems,) 

Class 386. Boring for water, oil or gas-tools and 
methods. 

Class 387. Machines, apparatus and impliments for 
cutting coal. 

GROUP 62. 

Pumps, Engines and Apparatus used in Mining for 
Pumping, Draining and Hoisting. 
GROUP 63. 

MOVING, STORING AND DELIVERING ORES, COALS, ETC. 

Class 388. Tramways, turn-tables, automatic hoisting 
and conveying on the surface contrivances for loading and 
unloading ores and coal. 

Class 389. Cars of all kinds. 

Class 390. Automatic dumping. 

Class 391. Ore bins and appliances. 
GROUP 64. 

APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING. 

Class 392. Rock breakers. 

Class 393. Rolls. 

Class 394. Large stamps. 

Class 395. Stamps and mortars. 

Class 396. Revolving grinding mills. 

Class 397. Coal breakers. 

GROUP 65. 

SIZING APPLIANCES. 

Class 398. Grizzlys and bar screens and sieves. 

Class 399. Perforated plates. 

Class 400. Wire-mesh, sieves and trammels. 

Class 401. Sizing by currents of water or air. Overflows. 

Class 402. Sizing by belts. 

GROUP 66. 

ASSAYING APPARATUS AND FIXTURES. 

Class 403. Plans of assay offices. 

Class 404. Furnaces, muffles and appliances. 

Class 405. Scorification and cupelling. 

Class 406. Volumetric methods and apparatus. 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. II9 

Class 407. Fluxes and their recepitacles. 
Class 408. Assay ballances, etc. (See Group 112.) 
Class 409. Assay tables, assay schemes and methods. 
GROUP 67. 

HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF MINING AND METALLURGY. 

Class 410. Maps, relief models and pictures to illustrate 
the geology and distribution of minerals and mines, and the 
methods of working mines. 

Class 411. History and statistics of mines and mining 
districts; Charts, diagrams and tabular representations. 
Statistics of mineral productions. 

Class 412. Mine engineering, — surface and underground 
surveying and plotting, projection of underground work, 
location of shafts, tunnels, etc., surveys for aqueducts and for 
drainage. 

Boring and drilling rocks, shafts, tunnels, etc.; surveys 
for aqueducts and for ascertaining the nature and extent of 
mineral deposits. 

Construction. — Sinking and lining shafts by various 
methods, driving and timbering tunnels and the general 
operations of opening, stoping and breaking down ore; tim- 
bering, lagging and masonry. 

Hoisting and delivering at the surface, rock, ore or 
miners; pumping and draining by engines, buckets or by 
adits. 

Ventilating and Lighting. 

GROUP 68. 

Originals or Reproductions of Early and Notable Imple- 
ments and Apparatus used in mining and Metallurgy. 

East of the Mines and Mining Building is the Electri- 
cal Building, the seat of perhaps the most novel and bril- 
liant exhibit in the whole exposition, is 345 feet wide and 700 
feet long, the major axes running north and south. The south 
front is on the great quadrangle or court; the north front 
faces the lagoon; the east front is opposite the Manufactures 
building, and the west faces the Mines Building. 

The general scheme of the plan is based upon a longitu- 
dinal nave 115 wide and 114 feet high, crossed in the middle 
by a transept of the same width and height. The nave and 
the transept have a pitched roof, with a range of sky-lights 
at the bottom of the pitch, and clear story windows. The 

46 



120 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 121 

rest of the building is covered with a flat roof averaging 62 
feet in night, and provided with sky-lights. 

The second story is composed of galleries connected 
across the nave by two bridges, with access by four grand 
staircases. The area of the galleries in the second story is 
118,546 square feet or 2.7 acres. 

The exterior walls of this building are composed of a con- 
tinuous Corinthian order of pilasters, 3 feet 6 inches wide and 
42 feet high, supporting a full entablature, and resting upon 
a stylabate 8 feet 6 inches. The total height of the walls from 
the grade out side is 63 feet 6 inches. 

At each of the four corners of the building there is a pav- 
ilion, above which rises a light open spire or tower 169 feet 
high. Intermediate between these corner pavilions and the 
central pavilions on the east and west sides, there is a subord- 
inate pavilion bearing a low square dome upon its lantern. 

The Electricity Building has an open portico extending 
along the whole south facade, the lower or Ionic order form- 
ing an open screen in front of it. The various subordinate 
pavilions are treated with windows and balconies. The de- 
tails of the exterior orders are richly decorated and the pedi- 
ments, friezes, panels and spandrils have received a decora- 
tion of figures in relief, with architectural motives, the general 
tendency of which is to illustrate the purposes of the building. 
The appearance of the exterior is that of marble, but the 
walls of the hemicycle and the various porticos and loggia are 
highly enriched with color, the pilasters in these places being 
decorated with scagliola. and the capitals in metallic effects 
in bronze. 

VanBrunt & Howe, of Kansas City are the architects. 
The cost is §375.000. 

CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS IN THE ELECTRICITY 

BUILDING. 

DEPARTMENT L. 

GROUP 122. 

APPARATUS ILLUSTRATING THE PHENOMENA AND LAWS OF 
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 

Class 757. Statical electricity. 

47 



122 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 758. Thermo electrictiy; thermo-electric batteries. 
Class 759. Magnets, temporary and permanent. 
Class 760. Induction coils, convertes,etc. 

GROUP 123. 
Apparatus for Electrical Measurements. 
Class 761, Standard resistance coils. 
Class 762. Standard condensers. 
Class 763. Standard batteries. 

Class 764. Instruments of precision ; voltmeters, am- 
meters, voltmeters, etc. 

GROUP 124. 
Electric batteries, Primary and Secondary. 

GROUP 125. 
Machines and Appliances for Producing Electrical Cur- 
rents by Mechanical power — Dynamical Electricity. 

Class 765. Dynamos of direct current, constant electrical 
motive force ; varying quantity. 

Class 766. Dynamos of direct current, constant quality and 
varying E. M. F. 

Class 767. Dynamos of alternating current, constant E. M. 
F., and varying quanttiy. 

Class 768. Dynamos of alternating current, constant 
quantity and varying E. M. F. 

GROUP 126. 

TRANSMISSION AND REGULATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT. 

Class 769. Cables, wires and insulation; rheostats, 
switches, indicators, registering meters; ammeters volt- 
meters. 

Class 770, Safety and protective appliances ; lightning 
rods, ligtning arresters, insulators, fusible cut-outs, safety 
switches, etc. 

Class 771. Conduits, interior and underground. 
GROUP 127. 

ELECTRIC MOTORS. 

Class 772. Direct constant current. 
Class 773. Direct constant D. M. F. 
Class 774.. Alternating current. 
GROUP 128. 

APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS. 

Class 775. Street, underground, mining and other rail- 
ways. 

Class 776. Elevators, pumps, printing presses and gen- 
eral machinery. 

48 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1 23 

Class 777. Toys, novelties and domestic appliances. 
GROUP 129. 
Lighting by Electricity. 
Class 778. The arc systems, their, lamps, fixtures, and 
appliances. 

Class 779. The incandescent systems, their lamps, fixtures 
and appliances. 

GROUP 130, 
Heating by Electricity. 
Class 780. For warming and heating apartments. 
Class 781. For heating fiat irons, soldering irons, and 
other objects used in industrial operations. 

Class 782. Maintenance of constant high temperature in 
in ovens. 

Class 783. Electric heating furnaces. 

GROUP 131 
Electro-Metallurgy and Electro-Chemistry. 
Class 784. Electrotyping. 

Class 785. Electro-plating, gilding and nickeling. 
Class 786. Electro-deposition of iron and other mater- 
ials. 

Class 787. Electrolytic seperation of metals from their 
ores or alloys. 

GROUP 132, 
Electric Forging, Welding, Stamping, Tempering. 
Brazing, Etc. 
Class 788. Apparatus for, and methods of forging, weld- 
ing or joining iron, steel or other metals. 

Class 789. Brazing, stamping, tempering, etc. 

GROUP 133. 
Electric Telegraph and Electric Signals. 
Class 790, Various systems of transmitting and receiving. 
Class 791. Chronographs. 
Class 792. Annunciators. 
Class 793. Thermostats. 
Class 794 Fire alarm apparatus. 

Class 795. Police telegraph and Burglar alarm apparatus. 
Class 796. Railroad signal apparatus. 
GROUP 134. 
The Telephone and its Appliances, Phonographs. 
Class 797. Cables, constructions and underground work. 

49 



Class 


798. 


Class 


799. 


Class 


800. 


Class 


801. 


Class 


802. 


Class 


803. 


Class 


804. 


Class 805. 


isters, etc 




Class 


806, 


atus. 




Class 807. 



124 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Special protective devices. 
Switch boards. 
Transmitting apparatus. 
Receiving apparatus. 
Signalling apparatus. 
Long distance system. 
Various systems of operation. 
Subscriber's apparatus, Numbers, Code, Reg- 
Phonographs, receiving and recording appar- 

Apparatus for the reproduction of recorded 
sounds and articulate speech. 

GROUP 135. 
Electric in Sukgery, Dentistry and Therapeutics. 
Class 808. Cautery apparatus. 

Class 809. Apparatus for the application of the electri- 
cal current as a remedial agent — surgical and dental. 
Class 810. Apparatus for diagnosis. 
Class 811. Apparatus for the destruction of life. 

GROUP 136. 
Application of Elecricity in Various Ways not 

Before Specified. 
Class 812. Ignition of explosives, gas lighting, etc. 
Class 813. Control of heating apparatus by electricity, 
as applied to steam and hot air pipes and registers. 
Class 814. Elqptric pens. 
Class 815. Application in photography. 

GROUP 137. 
History and Statistics of Electrical Inventions. 
Class 816. Objects illustrating the development of the 
knowledge of electricity and of the application of electricity 
in the arts. 

Class 817. Collection of books and publications upon 
electricity and its appliances. 

GROUP 138. 

Pkogress and Development in Electrical Science and 

Construction, as Illustrated by Models and 

Drawings of Various Countries. 

Class 818. United States Patent Office and other exhib- 
its of Electrical models and drawings. 

50 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1 25 

Class 819. Foreign exhibits of electrical models and 
drawings. 

Leaving the Electrical Building by the front entrance 
the visitor finds himself opposite the beautiful McAlonnies 
Fountain with two electrical fountains on either side, located 
at the Western end of the main basin. The Statue of the 
Republic is at the other end of the basin. Turning to the 
right he then enters 

Machinery Hall, of which Peabody & Stearns, of 
Boston, are the architects, which has been pronounced by 
many architects second only to the Administration Building 
in the magnificence of its appearance. This building meas- 
ures 850 by 500 feet, and with the Machinery Annex and 
Power House, cost about $1,200,000. It is located at the extreme 
South end of the park midway between the shore of Lake 
Michigan and the west line of the park. It is just south of 
the Administration building, and west and across a lagoon 
from the Agriculture building. The building is spanned by 
three arched trusses, and the interior presents the appearance 
of three railroad train-houses side by side, surrounded on ail 
the four sides by a gallery 50 feet wide. The trusses are 
built separately so they can be taken down and sold for use 
as railroad train houses. In each of the long naves there is 
an elevated traveling crane running from end to end of the 
building for the purpose of moving machinery. These plat- 
forms are built so that visitors may view from them the 
exhibits beneath. The power for this building is supplied 
from a power-house adjoining the south side of the building. 

CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS IN MACHINERY HALL. 

DEPARTMENT F. 

GROUP 69. 

MOTORS AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION AND TRANS- 
MISSION OF POWER, HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC 
APPARATUS. 

Class 413. Boilers and all steam or gas generating appar- 
atus for motive purposes. 

Class 414. Water wheels, water engines, hydraulic rams, 
Class 415 Steam, air and gas engines, 
51 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1 27 

Class 416. Apparatus for the transmission of power — 
shafting, hanglers, belting*, pulleys, couplings, clutches, cables, 
gearing. Transmission of power by compressed air. etc. 

Class 417. Pumps and apparatus for lifting and 
moving liquids, water filters. (See also Department E.) 

Class 418. Pumps and apparatus for moving and com- 
pressing air or gas. (See also Department E.) 

Class 420. Hydraulic presses, freight elevators and lifts, 
traveling cranes and derricks. (See also Department E.) 

Class 421. Beer engines, soda water machines, bottling 
apparatus, corking machines. (See also Department A.) 

Class 422. Iron and other metal: c pipes, tubes and fittings, 
stop valves, cocks, etc. 

Class 423. Diving apparatus and machinery. 

Class 424. Ice machines. Refrigerating apparatus. 
GROUP 70. 

FIRE ENGINES— APPARATUS APPLIANCES FOR EXTINGUISHING 

FIRE. 

Class 425. Engines. 
Class 426. Hose-carts and hose. 
Class 427. Ladders and escapes. 
Class 428. Standpipes, etc. 

Class 429. Chemical fire-extinguishing apparatus. 
GROUP 71. 

MACHINE TOOLS AND MACHINES FOR WORKING METALS. 

Class 430. Small tools for machinist's use drills, taps and 
dies, gauges, etc. 

Class 431. Squares, rules and measuring tools. 
Class 432, Steam hammers, trip hammers, drop forgn g 
and swaging machines, hydraulic forging, etc. 

Class 433. Planing, drilling, slotting, turning, shaping, 
milling, punching and cutting machines. Wheel cutting and 
dividing machines. 

GROUP 72. 

MACHINES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND 
CLOTHING. 

Class 434. Machines for the manufacture of silk goods. 

Class 435. Machines for the manufacture of cotton goods. 

Class 436. Machines for the manufacture of woolen 
goods. 

Class 437, Worsted working machinery and appliances. 

Class 438. Machines for the manufacture of linen goods. 

Class 439. Machines for the manufacture of rope and for 

twine making and for miscellaneous fibrous materials. 

52 



128 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



Class 440. 

Class 441. 
goods. 

Class 442. 
fabrics. 

Class 433. 
eluding carpets 

Class 444. 

Class 445. 

Class 446. 



Machines for paper making and felting. 
Machines for the manufacture of India-rubber 

Machines used for the manufacture of mixed 

Machines in the manufacture of tapestry, in- 
, lace, floor-cloth, fancy embroidery, etc. 
Sewing machines for heavy materials. 
Machines for preparing and working leather. 
Machines for making boots and shoes. 
GROUP 73. 

MACHINES FOR WORKING WOOD. 

(See also Department A and E.) 
Class 447. Direct acting sieam sawing machines, with 
gang saws, band saws circular saws. 

Class 448. Saw-mills and sawmill tools. Wood-work- 
ing machinery for sawmills. Wood-working tools and minor 
appliances for sawmills. 

Class 449. Planing, sawing, veneering, grooving, mortis- 
ing, tonguing, cutting, molding, stamping, carving and cask- 
making machines, etc. ; cork-cutting machines, lathes for 
wood-work and machinery for the manufacture of matches, 
toothpicks, etc. 

GKOUP 74. 



MACHINES AND 
STAMPING, 

Class 450, 

Class 451. 

Class 452. 

Class 453. 

Class 454. 

( lass 455. 
otypes. 

Class 456 a 

Class 457. 

Class 458. 

Class 460. 

Class 461. 

Class 462. 

Class 463. 
generally. 

Class 464. 

Class 465. 



APPARATUS FOR TYPE-SETTING, PRINTING, 
EMBOSSING, AND FOR MAKING BOOKS AND 
PAPER WORKING. 

Steam-power presses. 

Hand printing presses. 

Job presses. 

Hydraulic presses. 

Ticket printing and numbering machines. 

Type casting and setting machines. Lin- 

Hand-casting molds. 

Machines and printing blocks. 

Typographic electrotyping. 

Book-binding machinery. 

Envelope machines. 

Paper-cutters, card cutters. 

Printers 1 cabinets and printers' furniture 



Composing sticks, cases. 

Brass and type-metal labor-saving appliances. 

53 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 129 

Class 466. Specimens of plain and ornamental types, 
cuts, music borders and electrotype plates. 

Class 467. Type-founders' specimen books of type and 
typographical ornaments. 

Class 468. Miscellaneous machinery used by printers 
and newspapers not otherwise specified. Folding machines, 
addressing, stamping, embossing, etc. 
GROUP 75. 

LITHOGRAPHY, ZINCOGRAPHY AND COLOR PRINTING 

Class 469. Lithography — Tools, materials and appliances. 
The various methods of lithography,, crayon, pen and ink; 
engraving, brush work, color printing, etc. Transferring, 
printing. Zincography. 

Class 470. Color printing — Historical illustrations from 
the 16th century to the present time. (Relief engraving. 
The old chiaro-oscuros. Modern wood engraving. The 
Baxter process. Intaglio engraving, printed at one impres- 
sion: i. e.. from the plate rubbed in different colors, printed 
from several plates. Stenochromy. Chromo-lithography. 
Wax process, etc. The modern photo-mechanical process 
applied to color printing.) 

GROUP. 76. 

PHOTO-MECHANICAL AND OTHER MECHANICAL PROCESSES OF 
ILLUSTRATING, ETC. 

Class 471. Relief processes — Photo-mechanical processes 
producing relief blocks for printing in the type-press (etching, 
swell gelatine and washout process). Line processes (photo- 
typographic etchings, typo-gravures. etc.) 

Class 472. Half-tonecl process. Gelatine grain processes 
(Paul Pretsclfs and later). Screen processes. (Meisenbach. 
etc.) The Ives process. 

Class 473. Photo-lithography, etc . Photo-mechanical 
processes involving the production of printable designs on 
stone or zinc. i. e., photo-lithography. and photo-zincography, 
half-toned processes, (the Bitumen process, Poitevin's process, 
Asser's process, etc). Recent grain processes. Screen pro- 
cesses. Line processes. (Osborne's process). 

Class 474. Collographic processes. Photo-mechanical 
processes, involving the production of gelatine or other glu- 
tinous films, to be used as printing surface in the lithographic 
press, i. e., collographic or photo-gelatine processes (alber- 
type. heliotype, artotype, etc.) 

Class 475. Photo-mechanical processes-Producing intag- 
lio plates for printing in the copper-plate press, i. e. photo- 

54 



130 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

gravure. Etching processes, deposit processes, heliotypes, 
heliogravures, etc. T.ie Woodbury type moulds and im- 
pressions. 

Class 470. Mechanical processes — Partly chemical, 
partly mechanical, devised as substitutes for the other hand 
process, but not involving photography. Chalcotype. Compte 
process, Gillot process, etching in relief, typographic etching 
properly so-called (chemitype, the graphotype, kaolitype) 
the wax process snd allied processes (glyphography, kero- 
graphy, stylography, typographic etching, improperly so- 
called, etc.) Machine relief engraving, machine intaglio 
engraving (medal ruling), galvanography, stenochromy. 
mineralograyhy, nature printing, the anastatic process, etc. 
Appendix etching on glass (improperly so-called, which 
involves photography, but not the use of the press). 

Class 477. Drawing for process work. 

Class 478. Aids to drawing for process work (used by 
lithographers and draugthsmen). Grained and embossed 
papers. Pasting tints. The air brush. Day's shading 
mediums, etc. Methods of reducing and enlarging. Photo- 
mechanical processes. 

Class 479. Applications of the photo-mechanical pro- 
cess in the industrial arts. Prints on metal work, cloth, etc. 

GROUP 77. 

MISCELLANEOUS HAND-TOOLS, MACHINES AND APPARATUS 
USED IN VARIOUS ARTS. 

Class 480. Machines for making clocks, watches and 
watch cases. 

Class 481. Machines for making jewelry. 

Class 482. Machines for making buttons, pins, needles, 
etc. 

Class 483. Wire working machinery. 

Class 484. Machines for ironing, drying, scouring and 
laundry work generally. 

Class 485. Machines for making capsules and other phar- 
maceutical products. 

Class 486. Machines used in various manufacturing- 
industries not specifically mentioned. 

Class 487. Emery and corundum wheels. 

Class 488. Street rollers, sweepers and sprinklers. 

Class 489. Steam guages, oil cocks and all kinds of 
appliances used in connection with machinery. 

Class 490. For testing the strength of materials. Dyna- 
mometers. 

55 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 131 

GROUP 78. 

MACHINES FOR WORKING STONE, CLAY AND OTHER 
MATERIALS. 

(See also Department E.) 

Class 491. Stone-sawing and planing machines, dressing, 
shaping and polishing, sand blasts, Tilghman's machines, 
glass-grinding machines, etc. 

Class 492. Brick pottery and tile machines. Machines 
for making artificial stone. 

Class 493. Rolling mills and forges — roll trains, ham- 
mers, squeezes, engines, boilers, and other driving power, 
heating furnaces, (coal and gas), special machines for shap- 
ing metal, such as spike, nail and horse shoe machines, tire 
mills, etc, 

GROUP 79. 

MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD, ETC 

Class 494. Mills for the preparation of cereals. 

Class 495. Sugar-refining machines. Confectioners' 
machinery. 

( >ass 496. Oil-making machinery, presses and stills. 

Class 497. Mills and machinery for spices, coffee, etc. 

Class 498. Evaporating machinery for condensing 
milk, etc. 

At the back of the Machine Shops and Boiler House, 
after crossing under the tracks of the Intramural Railroad, 
the visitor finds on the extreme right the Gas and Oil exhibits. 
Across the tracks are the Custom House and the outside 
exhibits of Germany. Next to the Oil exhibit, the tourist 
will encounter the Sawmills covering a space of 125 by 300 
feet and erected at a cost of $35,000. Sawmills in operation 
as exhibits are shown here. Next is the unique exhibit of a 
loggers camp. Alongside of this is the Stock Pavilion and 
further Southward is the 

Stock Exhibit. Forty acres are covered by the build- 
ings for the stock exhibits. The pavilion is a great oblong- 
building, having a show ring for animals and an amphitheatre 
for spectators. The pavilion is 280 by 440 feet in size. The 
stock sheds are built after the style of the Spanish or Mexi ■ 
can hacienda — a hollow square, entrance to the stall being 

56 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. I33 

from the court. The total cost of the buildings for live-stock 
is $335,000. 

Near the lake are located the Dairy Barns. Here will 
be stabled the cows participating in the milk, butter and 
cheese tests, to be conducted during the Exposition. Next 
comes the Car House and Power House of the Elevated 
Railroad. 

Close to the lake front is the Forestry Building. It is 
in appearance the most unique of all the Exposition structures. 
Its dimensions are 200 by 500 feet. To a remarkable degree 
its architecture of the rustic order. On all four sides of 
the building are verandas, supporting the roof of which is a 
colonade consisting of a series of columns composed of 
three tree-trunks each 25 feet in length, one of them from 16 
to 20 inches in diameter and the others smaller. All of these 
trunks are left in their natural state, with bark undisturbed. 
They are contributed by the different States and Territories 
of the Union and foreign countries, each furnishing specimens 
of its most characteristic trees. The sides of the building are 
constructed of slabs with the bark removed. The window 
frames are treated in the same artistic manner as the rest of 
the building. -The main entrances are elaborately finished in 
different kinds of wood, the material and workmanship being 
contributed by several prominent lumber associations. The 
roof is thatched with tan and other barks. The visitors can 
make no mistake as to the kinds of tree-trunks which form 
the colonade, for he will see upon each a tablet upon which is 
inscribed the common and scientific name, the State or country 
from which the trunk was contributed, and other pertinent 
information, such as the approximate quantity of such timber 
in the region whence it came. Surmounting the cornice of 
the veranda and extending all around the building are num- 
erous flagstaff's bearing the colors, coats-of-arms, etc., of the 
Nations and States represented in the exhibits inside. 

The visitor next sees the Agricultural exhibit of the 
French Colonies at the end of the South Pond. 

57 



134 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




MRS. BERTHA PALMER, 

President Lady Eoard of Managers. 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 135 

An exhibit of Wind mills is in close proximity to this 
Jast attraction, and a little further along the Agricultural 
Implement exhibit is located, 

Returning to the Forestry Building, and passing on the 
land side of it the visitor again meets a section of the Dairy 
Exhibit. Next to this, and across the tracks of the railroad, 
is the Shoe and Leather exhibit, a seperate building showing 
this important industry in all its branches. Beyond this are 
located the Gun Works of Herr Krupp. of Essen, in Germany, 
where are shown some of the mammoth cannons, and the 
process for manufacturing, for which these works are cele- 
brated throughout the world. Opposite the Forestry Build- 
ing is the 

Dairy Building, By reason of the exceptionally novel 
and interesting exhibits it will contain, is quite sure to be re- 
garded with great favor by World's Fair visitors in general, 
while by agriculturists it will be considered one of the most 
useful and attractive features of the whole Exposition. It 
was designed to contain not only a complete exhibit of dairy 
products but also a Dairy School, in connection with which 
w r ill be conducted a series of tests for determining the merits 
of different breeds of dairy cattle as milk and butter 
producers. 

The building stands near the lake shore in the south east- 
ern part of the park, and close by the general live stock exhibit. 
It covers approximately half an acre, measuring 95 by -On 
is two stories high and cost $30,000. In design it is of quiet 
exterior. On the first floor, besides office headquarters, there 
is in front a large open space devoted to exhibits of butter, 
and farther back an operating room 25 by 100 feet, in which 
the Model Dairy will be conducted, On two sides of this room 
are amphitheatre seats capable of accommodating -100 specta- 
tors. Under these seats are refrigerators and cold storage 
rooms for the care cf dairy products. The operating room, 
which extends to the roof, has on three sides a gallery where 
the cheese exhibits will be placed. The rest ol the second 



136 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

story is devoted to a cafe, which opens on a balcony over 
looking the lake. 

The Dairy School, it is believed, will be most instructive 
and valuable to agriculturists. 

]S"ext to the Dairy Building is the Ethnographical ex- 
hibit and just north of the latter is the Indian School. 

On the rocky promitory beyond this last exhibit is lo- 
cated an exact fac-simile of the celebrated Monasterio of Santa 
Maria de la Rabida (Saint Mary of the Frontier). This is one 
of the exhibits most intimately connected with Columbus upon 
the grounds. It is itself an exact reproduction of that beauti- 
ful old monastery located near Huelva, in Spain, at the con- 
fluence of the Odiel and Tinto Rivers. At the doors of this 
Monastery Columbus begged of the Prior, one Juan Perez de 
la Marchena, bread and water for his little son Diego. And, 
hospitably entertained by the worthy Franciscan Monks, he 
revealed to them his marvelous plan for finding that which 
he thought a near route to Japan and the Indies, but which 
immortal blunder as it was, resulted in the discovery of the 
great American continent. The original Monastery in Spain 
has been restored and preserved as a National museum since 
the year 1846. In the reproduction here are stored the origi- 
nal relics of Columbus collected from the various European 
countries by the indefatigable researches and exertions of the 
Hon. W. E. Curtis, of Washington D. C. They are loaned 
by the Spanish Government and Columbus' decendants upon 
the express conditions (owing to their priceless value) that 
they are guarded night and day by the United States troops. 
The reproduction of the Monastery is true to life. Even 
upon the slopes decencling to the lake one finds the palm tree 
and the pine which flourished upon the hill slopes of La 
Rabida in far off and sunny Spain. Moored opposite the 
Monastery, and most fittingly placed there, are extract pro- 
ductions of Columbus' fleet: the Santa Maria, his own flag- 
ship, the Pinta and the Nina. 

Westward from the Convent of La Rabida the visitor sees 
one of the most magnificent structures raised for the Expo- 

59 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 137 

sition, the Agricultural Building. The style of architec- 
ture is classic renaissance. This building is put up very near 
the shore of Lake Michigan, and is almost surrounded by the 
lagoons that lead into the Park from the lake. The building 
is 500 by 800 feet, its longest dimensions being east and west. 
For a single story building the design is bold and heroic. The 
general cornice line is 65 feet above grade. On either side of 
the main enterance are mammoth Corinthian pillars, 50 feet 
high and 5 feet in diameter. On each corner and from the 
center of the building pavilions are reared, the center one be- 
ing 144 feet square. The corner pavilions are connected by 
curtains, forming a continuous arcade around the top of the 
building. The main entrance leads through an opening 64 
feet wide into a vestibule, from which entrance is had to the 
rotunda, 100 feet in diameter. This is surmounted by a mam- 
moth glass dome 130 feet high. All through the main vesti- 
bule statuary has been designed, illustrative of the agricult- 
ural industry. Similar designs are grouped about all the 
grand entrances in the most elaborate manner. The corner 
pavilions are surmountd by domes 96 feet high, and above 
these tower groups of statuary. The design for these domes 
is that of female figures, of herculean proportions supporting 
a mammoth globe. 

To the southward of the Agricultural Building is a spac- 
ious structure devoted chiefly to Live Stork and Agricultural 
Assembly Hall. This building is conveniently near one of 
the stations of the elevated railway. On the first floor, near 
the main entrance of the building, is located a Bureau of In- 
formation. This floor also contains suitable committee and 
other rooms for the different live stock associations. On the 
first floor there are also large and handsomely equipped 
waiting-rooms. Broad stairways lead from the first floor into 
the Assembly room, which has a seating capacity of about 
1.500 This Assembly room furnishes facilities for lectures 
delivered by gentlemen eminent in their special fields of work, 
embracing every interest eonneete 1 with live stock, agricul- 
ture and allied industries. 

60 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 139 

Landing at the pier opposite the main basin from one of 
boats belonging to the Henry Syndicate the visitor encounters 
the Casino covering a space of 148 by 246 feet. Leaving 
the Casino the visitor passes under the vast Peristyle, 
the connecting structure between Music Hall and the Casino. 
It is 600 feet long, 60 feet wide and 60 feet high. At the center 
is a grand archway forming a portal from Lake Michigan to 
the Grand Central Court. This portal is dedicated to Colum- 
bus and is inscribed with the names of the word's greatest ex- 
plorers, crowning it is a group of statuary emblematic of the 
progress of the world. It bears 48 columns representing the 
states and territories. The cost of the peristyle with the Casino 
and Music Hall was $300,000. At the north end of the peris- 
tyle is the Music Hall covering a space of 140 by 260 feet. The 
audience hall has a capacity of 2,500 and provision is made 
for an orchestra chorus of 500. Having inspected the Music 
Hall the tourist is next confronted by the monster and mam- 
moth structure of the exposition, Manufactures and Liberal 
Arts Building. 

Notable for its symmetrical proportions, the Manufact- 
ures and Liberal Arts Building is the mammoth structure of 
the Exposition. It measures 1,687 by 787 feet and covers 
nearly 42 acres, being the largest Exposition Building ever 
constructed. Within the building a gallery 50 feet wide 
extends around all four sides, and projecting from this are 
86 smaller galleries, 12 feet wide, from which visitors may 
survey the vast array of exhibits and the busy scene below. 
The galleries are approached upon the main floor by 30 great 
staircases, the flights of which are 12 feet wide each. "Col- 
umbia Avenue," 50 feet wide, extends through the mammoth 
building longitudinally, and an avenue of like width crosses 
it at right angles at the center. The main roof is of iron and 
glass and arches an area 385 by 1400 feet, and has its ridge 
150 feet from the ground. The building, including its galler- 
ies, has about 42 acres of floor space. 

The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building is in the 
Corinthian style of architecture, and in point of being severely 

61 



140 



AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICACO AND 




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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 141 

classic excels nearly all of the other edifices. The long array 
of columns and arches, which its facades present, is relieved 
from monotony by very elaborate ornamentation. In this 
ornamentation female figures, symbolical of the various arts 
and sciences play a conspicuous and very attractive part. 

The exterior of the building is covered with "staff," 
which is treated to represent marble. The huge fluted 
columns and the immense archer are apparently of this 
beautiful material. 

There are four great entrances, one in the center of each 
facade. These are designed in the manner of triumphal arches, 
the central arch way of each being* 40 feet wide and 80 feet 
high* Surmounting these portals is the great attic story 
ornamented with eagles 18 feet high, and on each side above 
the side arches are great panels with inscriptions, and the 
spandrils are filled with sculptured figures in bas-reliefs. At 
each corner of the main building are pavilions forming great 
arched entrances, which are designed in harmony with the 
great portals. 

The building occupies a most conspicuous place in the 
grounds. It faces the lake with only lawns and prominades 
between. North of it is the United States Government 
Building, south the harbor, and in-jutting lagoon, and west 
the Electrical Building and lagoon seperating it from the 
great island, which in part is wooded and in part resplendent 
with acres of bright flowers of varied hues. 

CLASIFICATION OF EXHIBITS. 

DEPARTMENT H. 

Manufactures. 

GROUP 87. 

CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.— DRUGGISTS' 

SUPPLIES. 

Class 543. Organic and mineral acids. 

Class 544. The alkalies and alkaline earths. — Potash, 
socio, ammonia, caustic soda, carbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, 
barytes, etc., with their salts and other compounds. Bleach- 
ing powders, etc. 

62 



142 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 545. Metallic oxides and salts of the metals, and 
other commercial chemical compounds. 

Class 546. Pure chemicals for chemists' use. 

Class 547. Drugs and pharmaceutical preparations and 
compounds. 

Class 548. Chemists' and druggists' wares and supplies. 

Class 549. Flavoring extracts, essences, essential oils, 
toilet soap, perfumery, pomades, cosmetics, etc. 

Class 550. Explosives and fulminating compounds. — 
Powder, giant powder, etc., shown only by empty cases and 
packages, "dummy packages," and cartridges, to illustrate 
the commercial forms. 

Class 551. Pyrotechnics. (In harmless forms, not 
charged). Pyrotechnic displays. 

'GROUP 88. 

PAINTS, COLORS, DYES AND VARNISHES. 

(See also Group 48.) 
Class 552. Colors and pigments — natural and artificial, 
dry and ground in oil. Printing inks, writing inks, blacking, 
cochineal, etc. 

Class 553. White lead and white zince industry. 
Class 554. Painters and glaziers' supplies. 
Class 555. Artists' colors and artists' materials. 
GROUP 89. 

TYPEWRITERS, PAPER, BLANK BOOKS, STATIONERY. 

Class 556. Paper, pulp and paper stock. 

Class 557. Cardboard, cards, pastboard, binders-board, 
building-boards, and felts for walls and roofing for floors, 
ceilings and for decorations, embossed-boards, etc. Papier 
mache, useful articles made from paper. 

Class 558. Wrapping papers, manilla paper, paper bags, 
tissue paper. 

Class 559. Printing paper for books and for newspapers. 

Class 560. Wrapping papers, bond paper, drawing 
papers, tracing papers and tracing linen ; envelopes, blotting 
paper. 

Class 561. Blank books, sets of account books, specimens 
of ruling and binding, including blanks, bill-heads, etc., book- 
binding. 

Class 562. Ornamental and decorated paper, marbleized 
paper, etc. 

Class 563. Wall papers, oil papers. 

Class 564. Typewriters, stationery and stationers' goods, 
ink-stands, weights, rulers, pens, pencils, filingcases, letter 
presses, etc. 

63 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 143 



FURNITURE OF INTERIORS, UPHOLSTERY, AND ARTISTIC 
DECORATIONS. 

Class 565. Chairs of all grades, rockers, settees, lounges, 
etc. 

Class 565. Tables for various purposes — Billiard, card, 
dining, etc. 

Class 567. Suites of furniture for the hall, parlor, clraw- 
ng-room, library, dining-room and for the bed-chamber. 

Class 568. Upholstery for windows, doors, curtains, 
portieres, etc. 

Class 569. Mirrors and their mountings. 

Class 570. Treatment of porches, doorways, halls and 
staircases, mantels, etc. 

( 'lass 571. Floors, ceilings, walls, doors and windows. 

Class 572. Artistic furnishing, illustrated by completely 
furnished apartments, with selections of furniture and various 
objects of adornment from other groups. 

Class 573. Sewing and embroidering. (See also Group 72.) 

GROUP 91. 

Ceramics and Mosaic. 

for clays and other materials. 
(See Group 46.) 

Class 574. Bricks and terra cotta for building purposes, 
plain and enameled. Terra cotta ware for decorative pur- 
poses. Reproductions of ancient Roman and Grecian red 
ware. 

Class 575. Stoneware and pottery, lead-glazed and salt- 
glazed ware, Doulton ware. 

Class 576. Earthenware, stone, china, and semi-porcelain 
ware, faience, etc., with soft glazes, and with high-lire, field- 
spathic glazes and enamels. 

Class 577. Porcelain with white or colored body, painted 
incised or pate-sur-pate decoration. 

Class 578. Tiles. — Plain, encaussic and decorated tiles, 
bosses, tessarae, etc., for pavements, mural and mantal decor- 
ations, etc. 

Class 579. Mural decoration, reredos and panels, bor- 
ders for fire-places and mantels. 

Class 580. Designs for and examples of pavements in 
tiles and mosaics. 

64 



144 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO_CHICAGO AND 

GROUP 02. 

MARBLE, STONE AND METAL MONUMENTS, MAUSOLEUMS, 

MANTELS, ETC. — CASKETS, COFFINS AND UNDERTAKERS' 

FURNISHING GOODS. 

Class 581. Marble, stone and metal monuments, and 
mausoleums and fittings. 

Class 582. Marble and stone fountains, balustrades and 
miscellaneous ornaments. 

Class 583. Marble, stone and metal mantels and orna- 
ments. 

Class 584. Coffins, caskets and undertakers' furnishing 
goods. 

GKOUP 93. 

ART METAL WORK— ENAMELS, ETC. 

Class 585. Art metal work, selected examples of iron 
forgings, bronzes, bas-reliefs, repousse and enisled work. 
Class 586. Cloisonne enamels. 
Class 587. Chamy leve enamels. 
Class 588. Niello work. 

GROUP 94. 

GLASS AND GLASSWARE. 

Class 589. Plate glass in the rough, as cast and rolled, 
and as ground and polished. 

Class 590. Blown glass, ordinary window glass, bottles, 
tubes, pipes, etc. 

Class 591. Pressed glass and glassware generally for the 
table and various purposes; skylights, insulators, etc. 

Class 592. Cut-glass ware for the table and various pur- 
poses. Engraved and etched glass. 

Class 593. Fancy glassware — plain, irridescent, opales- 
cent, colored, enameled, painted beaded, gilded, etc Millefiori 
and aventurine glass. 

Class 594. Crackled glass in layers, onyx glass, sculptured 
glass; reproductions of ancient glassware. 

Class 595, Glass mosaics, beads spun glass, and glass 
fabrics. 

GROUP 95. 

STAINED GLASS IN DECORATION. 

Class 596. Civic and domestic stained glass work, panels, 
windows, etc. 

Class 597. Ecclesiastical stained glass work. 

65 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 145 

GHOUP 90. 

CARVINGS IN VARIOUS MATERIALS. 

Class 598. Wood carving. 
Class 599. Ivory carving. 
Class 600. Bamboo incised work. 
Class 601. Metal carving and chiseling. 
Class 602. Sculptured ami engraved glass. 
Class 603. Sculpturing, carving, and modeling in porce- 
lain. Pate-sur-pate. 

GROUP 97. 

GOLD AND SILVERWARE, PLATE. ETC. 

Class 604. Gold and silverware, gilt ware for the table 
and for decoration, 

Class 605. Silver table ware generally.— Plates, salvers, 
tureens bowls, dishes, baskets, candelabra epergnes, eta 

Class 606. Knives, forks and spoons. 

Class 607. Fancy bonbon and other spoons : miscellaneous 
fancy articles in silver. — Snuff-boxes, match-boxes, cane 
heads, handles, chatelaines, etc. 

Class 608. Ware of mixed metals. — Mokume ware, in- 
laid andincrusted ware, enameled and niello work. 

Class 609. Plated ware on hard or nickel silver founda- 
dation. 

Class 610. Nickel ware, nickel-silver ware, aluminum 
ware and aluminum-silver ware. 

Class 611. Plated ware on soft metal alloys. 
GKOUP 98. 

JEWELRY AND ORNAMENTS. 

Class 612. Gold ornaments for the person, plain, chased, 
or otherwise wrought or enameled, rings, bracelets,, neck- 
laces, chains, etc. 

Class 613. Diamonds and various colored gems, as rubies, 
sapphires, emeralds, chrysoberyls, tourmalines, topazes, etc. 
mounted in various ornaments. (For gems in the rough and 
unmounted in part, see Department E.) 

Class 614. Agates, onyx, jasper, ornaments for the 
person. 

Class 615. Pastes and imitations of precious stones, 
mounted or unmounted. 

Class 616. Gold-covered and gilt jewelry and ornaments. 
GROUP 99. 

HOROLOGY— W r ATCHES, CLOCKS, ETC. 

(See also Group 151.) 
Class 617. Watches of all kinds. 

66 



146 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 618 Watch movements and parts of watches. 
Class 619. - Watch-cases. 

Class 620. Watch makers' tools and machinery in part, 
(For machines requiring power, see Department F.) 
Class 621. Clocks of all kinds. 
Class 622. Clock movements. 
Class 623. Clock-making machinery. 
Class 624. Watchmen's time registers, 
GROUP 100. 

SILK AND SILK FABRICS. 

Class 625. Raw silk as reeled from the cocoon, thrown 
or twisted silks in the gum; organzine. tram, spun-silk 
yarn. 

Class 626. Thrown or twisted si)ks, boiled off or dyed, 
in hanks, skeins or on spools; machine twist and sewing- 
silk. 

Class 627. Spun-silk yarns and fabrics and the materials 
from which they are made. 

Class 628. Plain woven silks, lute-strings, sarsnets, 
satines, serges, foulards, tissues for hat and millinery pur- 
poses, etc. 

Class 629. Figured-silk piece goods, woven or printed. 
Upholstery silks, etc. 

Class 630. Crapes, velvets, gauzes, cravats, handker- 
chiefs, hoisiery, knit goods, laces, scarfs, ties, veils; all de- 
scriptions of cut and made-up silks. 

Class 631. Ribbons — plain, fancy and velvet. 

Class 632. Bindings, braids, cords, galloons, ladies' dress 
trimmings, upholsterers 7 , tailors', military and miscellaneous 
trimmings. 

GROUP 101. 

FABRICS OF JUTE, RAMIE AND OTHER VEGETABLE AND 
MINERAL FIBRES. 

Class 633. Jute cloth and fabrics, plain and decorated. 

Class 634. Ramie and other fabrics. 

Class 635, Mats and coarse fabrics of grass, rattan, cocoa- 
nut and bark; mattings, Chinese, Japanese palm-leaf, grass 
and rushes; floor cloths of rattan and cocoa-nut fibre, aloe 
fibre, etc. 

Class 636. Floor oil-cloths, and other painted and enam- 
eled tissues, and immitations of leather with a woven 
base. 

Class 637. Woven fabrics of mineral origin. — Fine wire- 
cloths, sieve-cloth, wire-screen, bolting cloth, (See also 

67 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 147 

Group 117.) Asbestos fibre, spun and wooven, with the 
clothing manufactured from it. Glass thread, floss and 
fabrics. (See also Class 595. 

GROUP 102. 

YARNS AND WOVEN GOODS OF COTTON, LINEN AND OTHER 
VEGETABLE FIBRES. 

Class 638. Cotton fabrics. — Yarns, twines, sewing-cot- 
ton, tapes, webbings, battings, waddings, plain-clothes for 
printing and converting, print cloths, brown and bleached 
sheetings of shirtings, drills, twills, sateens, ginghams, cot- 
ton flannels, fine and fancy woven fabrics, duck, ticks, den- 
ims, stripes, bags, and bagging. Upholstery goods. — Tapes- 
tries, curtains and chenillas. 

Class 639. Linen fabrics. — Linen thread, cloths and 
drills, plain and mixed; napkins, tablecloths, sheetings, 
shirtings, etc, cambrics, handkerchiefs, and other manufact- 
ures of linen, 

GKOUP 103. 

WOVEN AND FELTED GOODS OF WOOL AND MIXTURES OF 

WOOL. 

Class 640. Woolen and worsted fabrics. — Woolen yarns, 
union or merino worsted tops, noils and yarns, shoddy and 
mungo. 

Class 641. Woolen goods.— All wool woolen cloths, doc- 
skins, cassimeres, indigo flannels and broadcloth, overcoat- 
ings, cloakings and jerseys, flannels, dress goods, etc., for 
both men and women. 

Class 642. Blankets, robes, traveling rugs, horse blank- 
ets, shawls, bunting, etc. 

Class 643. Worsted goods. — Coatings, serges, suitings, 
cashmeres, etc. 

Class 644. Cotton and woolen-mixed woven goods. — 
Unions, tweeds, cheviots, flannels, linseys, blankets, etc. 

Class 645. Woven on cotton warps. 

Class 646. Upholstery goods. 

Class 647. Sundries and small wares, webbings and gor- 
ings, bindings, beltings, braids, galloons, fringes and gimps, 
cords and tassels, and all elastic fabrics, dress trimmings, 
embroideries, etc. 

Class 648. Felt goods, felt cloths, trimmings and lining 
felt, felt skirts and skirting, table and piano covers, felts for 
ladies' hats, saddle felts, druggets, endless belts for printing 
machines, rubber shoelinings and other foot wear, hair felt- 
ings. 



148 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 649. Carpets and rugs, ingrains (two-ply and 
three-ply) and art carpets, tapestry and body Brussels/tapes- 
try velvet, Wilton or Wilton velvet, Axminster, tapestry 
W 7 ilton, Moquette, Ingrain and Smyrna rugs, other woolen 
rugs, rag carpets. 

Class 650. W r ool hats of every description, 
Class 651. Fabrics of hair, alpaca, goat's hair, earners 
hair, etc., not otherwise enumerated. 

GROUP 104. 

CLOTHING AND COSTUMES. 

Class 652. Ready-made clothing — Men's and boys'. 

Class 653. Dresses, gowns, habits, costumes. 

Class 654. Hats and caps. 

Class 655. Bonnets and millinery. 

Class 656. Boots and shoes. 

Class 657. Knit goods and hosiery, woven gloves, gloves 
of leather and skins. 

Class 658, Shirts, collars, cufTs, cravats, suspenders, 
braces, and appliances. 

Class 659. Sewing machines for domestic purposes. 

GROUP 105. 

FURS AND FUR CLOTHING. 

Class 660. Furs and skins, dressed and tanned. Of the 
cat tribe, of the wolf tribe, of the weasel tribe, of the bear 
tribe, of the seal tribe. Fur seals — Alaska, Oregon, South 
Georgia, Shetland and Siberia, undressed, plucked and dyed. 
Hair seals — Greenland and Labrador seals, spotted seals, 
silver seal, harp seal, saddle-back. Furs of rodent animals 
—squirrels, chinchilla, beaver, hares, rabbits and other fur- 
bearing animals, Birds' skins treated as furs. Swans and 
swan's-down. Skins. Goose and goose-down used as 
swan's-down. Grebe, eider-down, and penguin. 

Class 661. Fur mats and carriage or sleigh robes. 

Class 662. Fur clothing. 

Class 663. Fur trimmings. 

GROUP 106. . 

LACES, EMBROIDERIES, TRIMMINGS, ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, 
FANS, ETC. 

Class 664. Laces of linen and cotton, of silk, wool, or 
mohair, made with the needle or the loom • silver and gold 
lace. 

69 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 149 

Class 660. Embroideries, crolchet-work, etc.; needle- 
work. 

Class 666. Artificial flowers for trimming and for deco- 
ration of apartments. 

Class 667. Fans. 

Class 668. Trimmings in variety, not otherwise classed. 
— Buttons, books and eyes, pins and needles. 

Class 669. Art embroidery and needle-work. 

Class 670. Tapestries, hand-made. 

Class 671. Tapestries, machine-work. 
GROUP 107. 

HAIR WORK, COIFFURES, AND ACCESSORIES OF THE TOILET. 

Class 672. Hair- work, as souvenirs and ornaments. 

Class 673. Coiffures, wigs, switches, etc. 

Class 674. Barbers' and hair-dressers* tools and ap- 
pliances. 

Class 675. Combs, brushes. (See also class 549.) 

GROUP 108. 

TRAVELING EQUIPMENTS— VALISES, TRUNKS, TOILET-CASES, 
FANCY LEATHER- WORK, CANES, UMBRELLAS, PARA- 
SOLS, ETC. 

Class 676. Tents, shelters and apparatus for camping, 
camp stools, etc., hampers, baskets, etc. 

Class 677. Shawl and rug straps and pouches, gun 
cases. 

Class 678. Valises and various materials; dress-suit 
cases, satchels, hand-bags, etc.; toilet articles. 

Class 679. Trunks of leather, paper, canvass and of wood 
and metal. 

Class 680. Fancy bags, pouches, purses, card cases, 
portfolios, pocket-books, cigar cases, smoking pipes, cigar 
holders, etc. 

Class 681. Canes. 

Class 682. Umbrellas and parasols. 
GEO UP 109. 

RUBBER GOODS, CAOUTCHOUC, CUTTA PERCHA, CELLULOID 
AND ZYLONITE. 

Class 683. Clothing; Mackintoshes, capes, coats, boots, 
shoes, hats, etc. 

Class 684. Piano and table covers, horse covers, carriage 
cloth. 

Class 685. Stationers' articles. 

Class 686. Druggists' articles, toilet articles. 

70 



150 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



Class 687. Medical and surgical instruments. (See also 
Group 148.) 

Class 688. House-furnishing articles, mats, cushions. 

Class 689. Hose, tubes, belting, packing. 

Class 690. Insulating compounds. 

Class 691. Toys of rubber. 

Class 692. Gutta-percha fabrics. 
GROUP 110. 

TOYS AND FANCY ARTICLES. 

Class 693. Automatic and other toys and games for the 
amusement and instruction of children. 

Class 694. Bon-bons, fancy boxes and packages for con- 
fectionery. 

Class 695. Miscellaneous fancy articles not especially 
classed. 

GROUP 111. 

LEATHER AND MANUFACTURES OF LEATHER. 

Class 696. Hides and skins. 

Class 697. Tanned leathers. — Belting, grain and harness 
leather. Sole-leather — Calf, kip and goat skins; sheep 
skins. 

Class 698. Curried leathers. 

Class 699. Patent and enameled leathers, morocco. 

Class 700. Alligator, porpoise, walrus and kangaroo 
leather, 

Class 701. Russia leather. 

Class 702. Oil leathers, wash leather, and all other 
varieties of leather not before named. 

Class 703. Parchment for commissions, patents, deeds, 
diplomas, etc. Vellum for similar purposes, and for books 
and book-binding, for drums and tambourines, for gold-beat- 
ers' use, etc. 

Class 704. Leather belting 

Class 705. Embossed leather for furniture, wall decora 
tion, etc. (For trunks, see Class 679. For harness, saddlery 
etc., see Class 523.) 

GROUP 112. 

SCALES, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

(See also Group 151.) 
Class 706. Scales for commercial use in weighing 
groceries, produce and merchandise. Counter scales, etc., 
portable platform scales. 

Class 707 : Scales for weighing heavy and bulky objects, 
as hay, ice, ores, coal, railway cars, etc. 

71 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 151 

Class 708. Druggists' and prescription scales. 

Class 709. Bullion scales. Assayers' and chemists' scales. 
(See also Group 408.) 

Class 710. Postal balances. 

Class 711. Gas and water meters. 

Class 712. Commercial weights and sets of weights, — 
Avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries 7 , with the weights of the 
metric system. 

Class 713. Commercial examples of the measures of 
capacity, for solids and fluids. — Measuring glasses for the 
kitchen and for the laboratory. 

GROUP 113. 

MATERIAL OF WAR, ORDNANCE AND AMMUNITION. WEAPONS 

AND APPARATUS OF HUNTING, TRAPPING, ETC., 

MILITARY AND SPORTING SMALL-ARMS. 

Class 714. Military small-arms, rifles, pistols, and mag- 
azine-guns, with their ammunition. 

Class 715. Light artillery, compound guns, machine 
guns, mitrailleuses, etc. 

Class 716. Heavy ordnance and its accessories. 

Class 717. Knives, swords, spears and dirks. 

Class 718, Fire-arms used for sporting and hunting, also 
other implements for same purpose. (See also Group 161.) 

GKOUP 114. 

LIGHTING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES. 

Class 719. Lamps for burning petroleum, burners, chim- 
neys, shades, table lamps, hanging lamps. 

Class 720. Lanterns, coach lamps, street and special 
lights and lanterns. 

Class 721. Illuminating gas, fixtures, burners, and 
chandeliers. 

Class 722. Electroliers and electric lamps. 

Class 723. The "Lucigen" and similar lighting appara- 
tus. 

GEOUP 115. 

HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES. 

Class 724. Fire-places, grates, and appurtenances for 
burning wood, coal or gas. 

Class 725. Hot air heating furnaces. 

Class 726. Steam heaters, hot water heaters, radiators, 
etc. 

Class 727. Stoves for heating, cooking stoves, kitchen 
ranges, grills roasting jacks, ovens, etc. Stove polish. 

72 



152 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 728. Gas burners for heating, gas logs, gas stoves, 
etc. 

Class 729. Petroleum stoves. 

Class 730. Kitchen utensils and other miscellaneous 
articles for household purposes. 

GROUP 116. 

REFRIGERATORS, HOLLOW METAL WARE, TINWARE, 
ENAMELED WRAE. 

Class 731. Refrigerators. Soda and aerated water 
fountains and appliances. 

Class 732. Cast hollow-ware. — Kettles, pots, etc. 

Class 733. Hollow-ware of copper, nickel, tin-plate and 
iron Bells. 

Class 734. Enameled ware, granite ware and porcelain- 
lined ware. Enameled letters and signs. 

GROUP 117. 

WIRE GOODS AND SCREENS, PERFORATED SHEETS, LATTICE 
WORK, FENCING, ETC. 

(See also group 65.) 

Class 735. Wire cloth of brass or of annealed iron and 
steel 

Class 736. Wire-cloth of special alloys, as aluminum 
bronze wire etc. 

Class 737. Sieves of various grades and materials. 

Class 738. Screens for special purposes. 

Class 739. Perforated metal plates. 

Class 740. Artistic lattice work. 

Class 741. Wire netting. 

Class 742. Wire fencing. (For trellis work for gardens 
and flowers, see also Group 26.) 

GROUP 118. 

WROUGHT-IRON AND THIN METAL EXHITIBS. 

Class 743. Wrought-iron gates, railings, crestings, and 
artistic forgings, not otherwise specifically classed. (See also 
Department K.) 

Class 744. Repousse, hammered and stamped metal orna- 
ments used for buildings, bridges, and other structures. 

Class 745. Beams, girders, columns, angle-irons, etc. 

Class 746. Horse-shoes and crude forgings. 

73 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 153 

GROUP 119. 

VAULTS SAFES, HARDWARE, EDGE TOOLS, CUTLERY. 

Class 747. Builders' hardware. — Locks, latches, spikes, 
nails, screws, tacks, bolts, hinges, pulleys ; furniture fittings ; 
ships' hardware and fittings. 

Class 748. Axes, hatchets, adzes, etc. 

Class 749. Edge tools of various descriptions. 

Class 750. Saws, files. 

Class 751. Cutlery, — knives, scissors, shears, razors, etc. 
table cutlery. 

Class 752. Vaults, safes and appliances, machinists' and 
metal workers' tools. 

GROUP 120. 

PLUMBING AND SANITARY MATERIALS. 

Class 753. Bath tubs, bathing appliances and attach- 
ments. 

Class 754. Water closets, syphons, flushing tanks ; appar- 
atus and receptacles for ventilation and sewerage. 

Class 755. Porcelain laundry tubs, basins, cocks, drains, 
and other appliances. 

Class 756. Plumbers' and gas fitters' hardware and mis- 
cellaneous appliances. 

GROUP 121. 

MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE NOT HERE- 
TOFORE CLASSED. 

DEPARTMENT L. 

LIBERAL ARTS — EDUCATION LITERATURE, ENGINEERING, 
PUBLIC WORKS; MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 

GKOUP 147. 

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING AND CONDITION — 
HYGIENE. 

Class 824. The nursery and its accessories. 

Class 825. Athletic training and exercise gymnasium; 
apparatus for physical development and of gymnastic exer- 
cises and amusement; skating, walking, climbing, ball-play- 
ing, wrestling, acrobatic exercises, rowing, hunting, etc, 
Special apparatus for training in schools, gymnasia; appara- 
tus for exercise, drill, etc. 

Class 826. Alimentation. — Food supply and its distribu- 
tion; adulteration of food, markets, preparation of food, 
cooking and serving, school kitchens and arrangements for 



154 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



school canteens, methods of warming children's meals, etc. 
Dinner-pails, or receptacles for carrying meals for school 
children, working men, and others. Restaurants, dining 
halls, refectories, etc. 

Class 827. Dwellings and buildings characterized by 
the conditions best adapted to health and comfort, including 
dwellings for working men and factory operatives, houses 
and villages for operatives in connection with large man- 
ufacturing establishments, tenement houses, "flats," and 
suites of apartments, city and country residences, club- 
houses, school-houses; designs and models of improved 
buildings for elementary schools, infant schools and creches, 
court-rooms, theatres, churches, etc. 

Class 828. Hotels, lodging-houses. 

Class 829. Public baths, lavatories; public and domes- 
tic hygiene. Sanitation. — Sanitary appliances and methods 
for dwelling-houses, buildings and cities. Direct renewal of 
air. Heating, ventilating, lighting, in their relation to 
health. Conduits of water and sewage. Drains and sewers. 
Sinks, night-soil apparatus, sanitary plumbing, walls, 
bricks, roofs, flooring, etc. Sanitary house decoration. — 
Non-poisonous paints and wall-papers, floor coverings, wash- 
ables, decorations, etc. 

Apparatus for carrying off, receiving and treating sew- 
age. Slaughter-houses refuse, city garbage. 

Apparatus and methods for filtering water and cleans- 
ing water-courses. 

Apparatus intended for the prevention of infectious dis- 
eases. Methods, materials and instruments for purifying 
and destroying germs; disinfectors. 

Apparatus and fittings for warming, ventilating, and 
lighting schools; school latrines, closets, etc. 

Special school fittings for storing and drying clothing. 

Precaution in schools for preventing the spread of infec- 
tious diseases; school sanitaria, infirmaries, etc. 

(/lass 830. Hygiene of the workshop and factory.— 
(Classification modified from that of the London health 
exhibition.) 

Designs and models for improvement in the arrangment 
and construction of workshops, especially those in which 
dangerous or unwholesome processes are conducted. 

Apparatus and fittings for preventing or minimizing 
the danger to health or life from carrying on certain trades. 
Guards, screens, air-jets, preservative solutions, washes, etc. 

Objects of personal use. Mouth-pieces, spectacles, dresses, 
hoods, etc, for use in certain unhealthy and poisonous trades. 

75 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 155 



Illustrations of diseases and deformities caused by un- 
healthy trades and professions, methods of combating these 
diseases, preservative measures, etc. 

Sanitary construction and inspection of workshops, 
factories and mines, new inventions or improvements for 
ameliorating the condition of life of those engaged in 
unhealthy occupations, means for economizing human labor 
in various industrial operations. 

Class 831. Asylums and homes.- — Asylums for infants 
and children, foundling and orphan asylums, children's aid 
societies. Homes for aged men and women, for the maimed 
and deformed, for soldiers and for sailors. 

Treatment of paupers, alms-houses. 

Treatment of aborigines, Indian reservations and homes. 

Class 832. Hospitals, dispensaries, etc., plans, models, 
statistics. Shed hospitals for infectious fevers and epidemic 
diseases, tent hospitals, hospital ships, furniture and fittings 
for sick rooms. 

Class 833. Protective supervision. Sanitary supervis- 
ion, vaccination and its enforcement, isolation of contagious 
diseases, quarantine, prevention and elimination of animal 
epidemics. 

Food inspection. — Treatment of adulterated foods, inspec- 
tion and analysis, treatment of stale food substances, regula- 
tion of abattoirs, mills, etc., regulation of sale of horses, 
protective devices. 

Building inspection, etc. — Building regulations and 
inspection, building drainage and plumbing, fire regulations, 
fire escapes, etc. 

Personal inspection. — Color tests, etc., prof essional exam- 
ination for licenses. 

Immigration. — Keception, care and protection of immi- 
grants. 

GROUP 148. 

INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND 
PROSTHESIS. 

Class 834. Pharmacology, drugs, pharmacy, etc. — Medi- 
cines, officinal (in any authoricative pharmacopoeia) articles 
of the materia medica, preparations unofficinal. (See Group 
87.) 

Class 835. Dietetic preparations intended especially for 
the sick. (For beef extracts, see Class 37.) 

Class 836. Instruments for physical diagnosis, clinical 
thermometers, stethoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, etc. 

76 



156 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 837. Surgical instruments, appliances and appara- 
tus, with dressings, anaesthetics, antiseptics, obstetrical 
instruments, etc. 

Class 838. Prosthesis. — Apparatus for correcting 
deformities, artificial limbs. 

Class 839. Instruments and apparatus of dental surgery 
and prosthesis. 

Class 840. Vehicles and appliances for the transporta- 
tion and relief of the sick and wounded, during peace or war, 
on shore or at sea. (See also Department G.) 

GROUP 149. 

PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND SUPERIOR EDUCATION. 

Class 841. Elementary instruction. — Infant schools and 
kindergartens. Descriptions of the methods of instruction, 
with statistics. 

Class 842. Primary schools, city and country.— School- 
houses and furniture. Apparatus and fittings. Models and 
appliances for teaching, text-books, diagrams, examples. 
Specimens of work in elementary schools. 

Class 843. Domestic and industrial draining for girls. 
—Models and apparatus for the teaching of cookery, house- 
work, washing and ironing, needle-work and embroidery, 
dress-making, artificial flower-making, painting on silk, 
crockery, etc. Specimens of school work. 

Class 844. Handicraft teaching in schools for boys. — 
Apparatus and fittings for elementary trade teaching in 
schools. Specimens of school work. 

Class 845. Science teaching. Apparatus and models for 
elementary science instructions in schools. Apparatus for 
chemistry, physics, mechanics, etc; diagrams, copies, text- 
books, etc.; specimens of the school work in these subjects. 

Class 846. Art teaching. Apparatus, models and fit- 
tings for elementary art instructions in schools: diagrams, 
copies, text-books, etc.; specimens of art work, modeling, 
etc., in schools. 

Class 847. Technical and apprenticeship schools — Ap- 
paratus and examples used in primary and secondary schools 
for teaching handicraft; models, plans and designs for the 
fitting up of workshop and industrial schools; results of in- 
dustrial work done in such schools. 

Class 848. Special schools for the elementary instruction 
of Indians. 

Class 849. Education of detective classes.— Schools for 
the deaf, dumb, blind, and feeble-minded; adult schools for 
the illiterate. 

77 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 157 

Class 850. Public schools. — Descriptions, illustrations, 
statistics, methods of instruction, etc. 

Class 851. Higher education. — Academies and high 
schools. Descriptions and statistics. 

Colleges and universities. — Descriptions, illustrations of 
the buildings, libraries, museums, collections, courses of 
study, catalogues, statistics, etc. 

Class 852. Professional schools. — Theology, law, medi- 
cine and surgery, dentistry, pharmacy; mining, engineering, 
agriculture, mechanic arts; art and design, military, naval, 
normal, commercial; music. 

Class 853. Government aid to education.— National 
Bureau of education. — Reports and statistics. 

GROUP 150. 

LITERATURE, BOOKS, LIBRARIES, JOURNALISM. 

Class 854. Books and literature, with special examples 
of typography, paper, and binding. General works, — Philo- 
sophy, religion, sociology, philology, natural sciences, use- 
ful arts, fine arts, literature, history, and geography; cyc- 
lopedias, magazines, and newspapers; binding; specimens 
of typography. 

Class 855. School books. 

Class 856. Technical industrial journals. 

Class 857. Illustrated papers. 

Class 858. Newspapers and statistics of their multipli- 
cation, growth, and circulation. 

Class 859. Journalism, statistics of: with illustrations of 
methods, organization and results. 

Class 860. Trade catalogues and price-lists. 

Class 861. Library apparatus; system of cataloguing and 
appliances of placing" and delivering books. 

Class 862. Directories of cities and towns. 

Class 863. Publications by governments. 

Class 864. Topographical maps. Marine and coast 
charts; geological maps and sections; botanical, agronomi- 
cal, and other maps, showing the extent and distribution of 
men, animals and terrestrial products; physical maps; 
meteorological maps and bulletins; telegraphic routes and 
stations; railway and route maps; terrestrial and celestial 
globes, relief maps and models of portions of the earth's sur- 
face, profiles of ocean beds and routes of submarine cables. 

78 



158 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

GROUP 151. 

INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION, EXPERIMENT, RESEARCH, AND 
PHOTOGRAPHY. PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Class 865. Weights, measures; weighing and metrologi- 
eal apparatus, — Balances of precision, instruments for me- 
chanical calculation, adding machines, pedometers, cash 
registers, water and gas meters, etc. ; measures of length, 
graduated scales, etc. 

(For ordinary commercial forms, see also Group 112.) 

(For testing machines, see Class 490.) 

Class 866. Astronomical instruments and accessories. — 
Transits, transit circles, mural circles, zenith sectors 
altazimeters, equatorials, collimators, comet seekers. 

Class 867. Geodetic and surveying instruments. Tran- 
sits, theodolites, artificial horizons, surveyor's compasses, 
goniometers; instruments for surveying underground in 
mines, tunnels, and excavations; docket sextants, plane tables 
and instruments used with them; ship's compasses, sextants, 
quadrants, repeating circles, dip-sectors, etc. 

Class 868. Leveling instruments and apparatus — hand- 
levels, water-levels, engineers' levels, of all patterns and 
varieties; cathetometers, leveling staves, targets, and acces- 
sory apparatus. 

Class 869. Hydrographic surveying; deep sea sounding. 

Class 870. Photometric apparatus and methods. 

Class 871. Photograph apparatus and accessories. Pho- 
tographs. 

Class 872. Meteorological instruments and apparatus, 
with methods of recording, reducing and reporting observa- 
tions. Thermometers — mercurial, spirit, air; ordinary or 
self-registering, maximum and minimum. Barometers- 
mercurial, aneroid; anemometers, rain gauges, etc. 

Class 873. Chronometric apparatus. — Chronometers, 
watches of precision, astronomical clocks, church and metro- 
politan clocks, clepsydras, hour-glasses, sun-dials, chrono- 
graphs, electrical clocks, metronomes. (For commercial 
clocks and watches, see also Group 99.) 

Class 874. Optical and thermometric instruments and 
apparatus. 

Class 875. Electric and magnesic apparatus. (See also 
Department J.) 

Class 876. Acoustic apparatus. 

79 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 159 

GROUP 152. 

CIVIL ENGINEERING, PUBLIC WORKS, CONSTRUCTIVE 
ARCHITECTURE. 

Class 877. Land surveying, topographical surveying. — 
Surveys and and locations of towns and cities, with sys- 
tems of water supply and drainage. 

Class 878. Surveys of coasts, rivers, and harbors. 

Class 879. Construction and maintenance of roads, 
streets, pavements, etc. 

Class 880. Bridge engineering (illustrated by drawings 
and models. 

Bridge designing. — Drawings and charts, showing me- 
thods of calculating stresses. 

Foundations, piers, abutments and approaches of stone, 
wood, etc. 

Arch bridges of stone, wood or iron. 

Suspension bridges of fibre, iron chain, and cable. 

Truss bridges of wood, iron and steel. — Pony, bow-string 
and plate girders, lattice girders, Fink, Bollman, Howe, 
Pratt, Warren, Post, Long, Whipple and other trusses of 
special design. 

Cantilever bridges, draw-bridges, rolling and swinging 
machinery. 

Tubular bridges. 

Railway, aqueduct, and other bridges of special design 
not elsewhere classed. 

(A chart showing date of completion, span, rise, weight, 
and cost of the great bridges of the world, would be of in- 
terest.) 

Class 881. Subaqueous constructions. — Foundations, 
piers, harbors, break-waters, building of dams, water-works 
and canals. 

Class 882. Irrigation. — Irrigating canals and systems. 

Class 883. Railway engineering. — Surveying, locating 
and constructing railways. 

Class 884. Dynamic and industrial engineering. — The 
construction and working of machines; examples of planning 
and construction of manufacturing and metallurgical estab- 
lishments. 

Class 885. Mine engineering. — Surveying underground, 
construction of tunnels, subaqueous tunnels, etc.; locating 
and sinking shafts, inclines, and winzes ; driving levels, drain- 
ing, ventilating, and lighting. (See also department E.) 

Class 886. Military engineering. — Construction of earth- 
works, breast-works and temporary fortifications. 

80 



l6o AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



Class 887. Permanent works. — Fortifications, magazines, 
arsenals, mines. 

Class 888. Roads, bridges, pontoons, etc. ; movement of 
troops and supplies. 

Class 889. Constructive architecture. — Plans of public 
buildings for special purposes; large and small dwelling 
houses. 

Drawings and specifications for foundations, walls, parti- 
tions, floors, roofs, and stairways. 

Estimates of amount and cost of material. 

Designs and models of special contrivances for safety, 
comfort and convenience in the manipulation of elevators 
doors, windows, etc. 

Working plans for the mason, carpenter and painter; 
designs and models of bonds, arches, coping, vaulting, etc. ; 
plastering and construction of partitions; painting and 
glazing. 

Plans of appliances for hoisting, handling and delivering 
building materials to artisans. — Scaffolding and ladders, 
special scaffolding for handling great weights; portable 
cranes and power elevators. 

Illustrations of the strength of materials. 

Plans and sections of special architectural forms. Me- 
tallic floor beams and girders ; hollow bricks and other archi- 
tectural pottery for heating and ventilation ; metalic cornice 
and conduits, shingles and sheathing, glass roofs, floors and 
accessories, architectural hardware. 

Methods of combining materials. 

Protection of foundations, areas and walls against water. 

Working plans for paving and draining. 

GROUP 153. 

GOVERNMENT AND LAW. 

Class 890. Various systems of government illustrated. 
—Government departments, legislative, executive and 
judicial. 

Class 891. International law and relations.— Fac-similes 
of treaties, etc. 

Class 892. Protection of property in inventions. Patent 
offices and their functions, statistics of inventions and patents. 

Class 893. Postal systems and the appliances of the pos- 
tal service. Letter-boxes, pouches, mail-bags, postage stamps, 
etc. 

Class 894. Punishment of crime.— Prisons and reforma- 
tories, prison management and discipline, transportation of 
criminals, penal colonies, houses of correction, reform schools, 

81 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. l6l 



naval or marine discipline, punishment at sea, police stations, 
night lock-ups, etc., dress and equipment of prisoners, exam- 
ples of convict workmanship. 

GROUP 154. 

COMMERCE, TRADE, AND BANKING. 

Class 895. History and statistics of trade and commerce. 

Class 896. Railway and transportation companies. 

Class 897. Methods and media of exchange. — Money, 
coins, paper money, etc. 

Class 898. Counting houses, stores and shops. — Arrange- 
ment, furniture, fittings, methods of management, book-keep- 
ing, devices for distributing change and goods to customers. 

Class 899. Warehouse and storage systems, — Grain 
elevators. 

Class 900. Boards of Trade and their functions illustrated 

Class 901. Exchange for produce, metals, stocks, etc. 

Class 902. Insurance companies. 

Class 9o3. Banks and banking. — Illustrations of build- 
ings, interiors, methods and statistical information, clearing- 
houses, etc., savings and trust institutions. 

Class 904. Safes and vaults for storage of treasure and 
valuables, safe deposite companies. 

('lass 905. Book-keeping. — Books and systems of book- 
keeping and accounting, commercial blank forms, etc. 

Class 906. Express companies, freighting, etc. 
GROUP 155. 

INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE INCREASE AND 
DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. 

Class 907. Institutions founded for the increase and 
diffusion of knowledge, such as the Smithsonian Institution, 
the Royal Institution, The Institute of France, British Asso- 
ciation for the Advancement of Science and the American 
Associations, etc.. their organization, history and results. 

Ciass 908. Academies of science and letters. — Learned 
and scientific associations, geological and mineralogical 
societies, etc.. engineering, technical, and professional asso- 
ciations, artistic, biological, zoological, medical, astronomical 
societies and organizations. 

Class 909. Museums, collections, art galleries, exhibi- 
tions of works of art and industry, agricultural fairs, state 
and county exhibitions, national exhibitions, international 
exhibitions, international congresses. 

Class 910. Publication societies. 

Class 911. Libraries, — Public and private, statistics of 
operations. 

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162 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



GROUP 156. 

SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS. 

Class 912. Social organizations. — Clubs — political, mili- 
tary, university, travelers; press clubs, science clubs, and 
others. 

Class 913. Political societies and organizations. 

Class 914. Working-men's unions and associations. — 
Their organization, statistics, and results. 

Class 915. Industrial organizations. 

Class 916. Co-operative trading associations. 

Class 917. Secret societies. 

Class 918. Miscellaneous organizations for promoting 
the material and moral well-being of the industrial classes 
GROUP 157. 

RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AND SYSTEMS— STATISTICS AND 
PUBLICATIONS. 

Class 919, Religious organizations and systems. — Origin 
nature, growth, and extent of various religious systems and 
faiths. Statistical, historical and other illustrations; pictures 
of buildings ;*plans and views of interiors. 

(lass 920. Religious music, choirs, hymology. 

Class 921. Missionary societies, missions, and missionary 
work; maps, reports, statistics. 

Class 922. Spreading the knowledge of religious systems 
by publications ; Bible societies, tract societies, and their pub- 
lications. 

Cla*s 923. Systems and methods of religious instruction 
and training, for the young; Sunday-schools, furniture, ap- 
paratus, and books. 

Class 924. Associations for religious or moral improve- 
ment. 

Class 925. Charities and charitable associations con- 
nected with ecclesiastical societies. 

GROUP 158. 

MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS — THE THEATRE. 

Class 926. History and theory of music. — Music of 
primitive people. Crude and curious instruments, combin- 
ations of instruments, bands and orchestras. Music books 
and scores. Musical notation. 

History and literature of music. Portraits of great 
musicians. 

Class 927. Self-vibrating instruments. — Drums and tam- 
bourines; cymbals, triangles, gongs, castanets, u bones/' 

Bells, chimes and peals. 

83 



WORLD COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 163 



Bell-ringers 1 instruments. Musical glasses. 

Glockenspiels, zylophones, marimbas. 

Music boxes. 

Class 928. Stringed instruments played with the fingers 
or plectrum. 

Lutes, guitars, banjos and mandolins. 

Harps and lyres. 

Zithers dulcimers. 

Class 929. Stringed instruments played with the bow. 

The violin. 

The viol, viola, viola da gamba, viola di amore. 

The violincello and the bass viol. 

Mechanical instruments. — Hurdy-gurdy and violin piano. 

Class 930. Stringed instruments with key-board. — The 
piano-forte square, upright and grand. 

Actions and parts of a piano. 

The predecessors of the piano. — Clavicytherium,elavieym- 
bal, clavichord, manichord, virginal spinet, harpsichord, 
and hammer harpsichord. 

Instruments and methods of manufacture. 

Street pianos. 

Class 931. Wind instruments, with simple aperture or 
plug mouthpiece. The flute, flute-a-bec. Syrinx. 

Organ pipes. Flageolet. 

Class 932. Wind instruments, with mouth-piece regulated 
by the lips. The clarionet, oboe and saxophone. 

Class 933. Wind instruments with bell mouth-piece, 
without keys. -The trumpet (simple) and the bugle. Oliphant. 
Alpenhorn. The trombone (with slide and with finger-holes.) 
The serpent, bassoon and bagpipe. 

Class 934. Wind instruments with bell mouth-piece, 
with keys. Key bugles, cornets, french horns, cornopeans, 
orphicleides. 

Class 935. Wind instruments w r ith complicated systems. 

The pipe organ. 

Reed organs, melodeons and harmonicas. 

Accordians, concertinas and mouth organs. 

Hand organs and organettes. Automatic organs, 
orchestrions, etc. 

Class 936. Accessories of musical instruments — strings, 
reeds, bridges. 

Conductors batons, drum-majors' staves. Mechanical 
devices for the orchestra. 

Tuning forks, pitch-pipes, metronomes, music stands, etc. 

84 



164 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Class 937. Music in relation to human life. — Musical 
composers. Great performers. Great singers. Potraits- 
Biographies. 

Concerts and the concert stage. 

The opera. The oratorio. Masses. 

Church music and sacred music of all periods. 

Hymnology, ballads, folk-song and folk-music of all 
lands. National airs. 

Class 938. The theatre and the drama. The stage. Plans 
and models of stages and theatres. 

History of the drama, so far as can be shown by literary 
records. Portraits of actors. Belies of actors. 

Playbills, etc. Costumes, masks, armor. Scenery. 
Appliances illusion, etc. Plays of all ages and peoples. 

Along the Lake front opposite the Liberal Arts Building 
are various music stands and restaurants, a Japanese tea house 
and the exhibits of Walter Baker & Co. and Van Houten & 
Zoon. 

At the northern end of the Manufacturers Building is lo- 
cated the depot of the Elevated Railroad and near to the left 
is the Military Hospital, well worthy of inspection. In the 
lake to the right will be noticed the Naval Exhibit, a model 
of the United States Line of battle ship Illinois. After an in- 
spection of the Military Hospital the visitor next comes to 
United States Government Building. 

Delightfully located near the lake shore, south of the 
main lagoon and of the area reserved for the foreign nations 
and the several states, and east of the Woman's Building and 
of Midway Plaisance, is the Government Exhibit Building. 
The buildings of England, Germany and Mexico are near by 
to the northward. The Government Building was designed 
by Architect Windrim, now succeeded by W. J Edbrooke. 
It is classic in style, and bears a strong resemblence to the 
National Museum and other Government Buildings at Wash- 
ington. It covers an area of 350 by 420 feet, is constructed of 
iron and glass, and cost $400,000. Its leading architectural 
features is an imposing central dome 120 feet in diameter and 
150 feet high, the floor of which will be kept free from ex- 
hibits. The building fronts to the west and connects on the 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 165 

north, by a bridge over the lagoon, with the buildings of the 
Fisheries Exhibit. 

The south half of the Government Building is devoted to 
the exhibits of the Post Office Department, Treasury Depart- 
ment, War Department, and Department of Agriculture. The 
north half of the exhibit is devoted to the Fisheries Commis- 
sion, Smithsonian Institute and Interior Department. The 
State Department Exhibit extends from the rotunda to the 
east end, and that of the Department of Justice from the 
rotunda to the west end of the building. The allotment of 
space for the several department exhibits is : War Depart- 
ment, 23.000 square feet; Treasury, 10.5C0 square feet; Agri- 
culture, 23.250 square feet; Interior 24.000 square feet; Fish- 
ery, 20,000 square feet, and Smithsonian Institute, balance of 
space. 

On the Lake Front is located the Government Plaza 
where various military displays, reviews of troops, and exhi- 
bits of various war-like implements will form a very attrac- 
tive feature of the Exposition. Going northward the visitor 
encounters the Life-Saving Station, the Weather Bureau, 
Light-House exhibit and Heliograph, four buildings in close 
proximity. Near the former is located the Anglers Camp. 
The visitor has now arrived at the United States Naval 
Exhibit. 

Unique among the other exhibits is that made by the 
Lmited States Naval Department. It is in a structure which, 
to all outward appearance, is a faithful, full sized model of 
the new coast-line battle ships. This imitation battle ship of 
1893 is erected on piling on the lake front in the northeast 
portion of Jackson Park. It is surrounded by water and has 
the appearance of being moored to a wharf. The structure 
has all the fittings that belong to an actual ship, such as guns, 
turrets, torpedo tubes, torpedo nets and bombs, with boats, 
anchors, chain-cables, davits, awnings, deck-fittings, &e.~, &c, 
together with all appliances for working the same. Officers, 
seamen, mechanics and marines are detailed by the Navy De- 
partment during the Exposition, and the discipline and mode 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION; 167 

of life on our naval vessels are completely shown. The detail 
of men is not, however, as great as the compliment of the 
actual ship. The crew gives certain drills, especially boat, 
torpedo, and gun drills, as in a vessel of war. 

The dimensions of the structure are those of the actual 
battleship, to-wit: length, 348 feet, width amidships, 69 feet 3 
inches, and from the water line to the top of the main deck, 
12 feet. Centrally placed on this main deck is a superstruc- 
ture 8 feet high with a hammock berthing on the same 7 feet 
high, and above these are the bridge, chart-house, and the 
boats. 

At the forward end of the superstructure is a cone shaped 
tower, called the "military mast'', near the top of which are 
placed two circular "tops" as receptacles for sharpshooters. 
Rapid firing guns are mounted in each of these tops. The 
height from the water-line to the summit of this military 
mast is 76 feet, and above is placed a flagstaff for signaling. 

The battery mounted comprises four 13-inch breech-load- 
ing rifle cannon ; eight 8-inch breech loading rifle cannon; 
four 6-inch breech-loading rifle cannon; twenty 6-pounder 
rapid firing guns; six 1-pound rapid firing guns; two gatling 
guns, and six torpedo tubes or torpedo guns. All of these 
are placed and mounted respectively as in the genuine battle- 
ship. 

On the starboard side of the ship is shown the torpedo 
protection net, stretching the entire length of the vessel. 
Steam launches and cutters ride at the booms, and all the out- 
ward appearance of a real ship of war is imitated. 

After landing at the pier from the steamer the visitor 
encounters first the buildings erected by foreign countries, 
the first of these being the structure devoted to Great Brit- 
ain. Although the exhibits of this country are scattered 
through every department of the Fair, the building of Great 
Britain is a noticeable feature, being a reproduction on a 
large scale of one of the antique manor halls, adapted in its 
interior architecture to the uses for which it has been set 
apart. 

87 



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AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 




WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 169 

The next building is that erected by Germany. It is a 
typical old German house enlarged, and adjoining it is a 
small, chapel-like annex. The building is a very attractive 
one. 

Turning eastward the visitor comes across the Swedish 
Building. This building is triangular in shape and covers 
12,000 square feet. It is built after the manner of an old 
Swedish cathedral and consists of a main floor and gallery, 
above the center of which rises a tower 200 feet high. 

Directly opposite this structure is a group of three 
buildings representing Colombia, Hayti and Nicaragua. Ad- 
joining these is the magnificent exhibit of Brazil. Surround- 
ing the main building are several smaller structures, suc^. \s 
a sugar mill in operation, a coffee quinta, and several huts 
inhabited by natives. 

Turning northward the visitor encounters in succession 
the exhibits of Costa Rica, Guatemala and Ecuador. To the 
south of the building erected by Costa Rica is the structure 
devoted to illustrating Turkey. This is a beautiful example 
of oriental architecture being a reproduction of the Kiosk 
of Bagdad. A street of Constantinople similar to that of 
the Cairo street enables the visitor to compare life in the two 
cities. From the minaret of the mosque five times a day the 
visitor can hear the muezzins called to prayer and see the 
Mohammedan faced toward Mecca and prostrate themselves 
upon the earth. 

The Norwegian Building which is the next in order is 
built after the style of the Twelfth Century. The decorative 
figures on the gables represent the ornamentation seen on 
the bows of the Viking ships. 

Directly east of the last-named structure is that of Aus- 
tria. Turning northward the visitor encounters the buildings 
erected by Ceylon. Adjoining these is the French Building, 
a beautiful structure. A colonade of graceful design in 
three sections connects one section of the building with an- 
other composed of two large rooms. The former section is a 
veritable reproduction of the interior of one of the rooms of 



170 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

the palace of Versailles where was concluded the first treaty 
between the United States and any foreign power. This 
building lies directly east of an annex of the Fine Art Build- 
ing. The outside wall is decorated with paintings depicting 
views of Paris. 

FINE ARTS BUILDING. 

Grecian-Ionic in style, the Fine Arts Building is a pure 
type of the most refined classic architecture. The building is 
oblong and is 500 by 320 feet, intersected north, east, south 
and west by a great nave and transept 100 feet wide and 70 
feet high, at the intersection of which is a dome 60 feet in 
diameter. The building is 125 feet to the top of the dome, 
which is surmounted by a colossal statue of the type of 
famous figure of Winged Victory. The transept has a clear 
space through the center of 60 feet, being lighted entirely 
from above. 

On either side are galleries 20 feet wide and 24 feet above 
the floor. The collections of sculpture are displayed on 
the main floor of the nave and transept, and on the walls 
both of the ground floor and of the galleries are ample areas 
for displaying the paintings and sculptured panels in relief. 
The corners made by the crossing of the nave and transept 
are filled with small picture galleries. 

Around the entire building are galleries 40 feet wide, 
forming a continuous promenade around the classic structure. 
Between the promenade and the naves are the smaller rooms 
devoted to private collections of paintings and the collections 
of the various schools. On either side of the main building, 
and connected w T ith it by handsome corridors, are very large 
annexes, which are also utilized by various art exhibits. 

The main building is entered by four great portals, richly 
ornamented with architectural sculpture, and approached by 
broad flights of steps. The walls of the loggia of the colo- 
nacles are highly decorated with mural paintings illustrating 
the history and progress of the arts. The frieze of the ex- 
terior walls and the pediments of the principal entrances are 

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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 17 1 

ornamented with sculptures and portraits in bas-relief of the 
masters of ancient art. 

The general tone or color is light gray stone. 

The construction, although of a temporary character, is 
necessarily fire-proof. The main walls are of solid brick 
covered with " staff," architecturally ornamented, while the 
roof, floors and galleries are of iron. 

All light is supplied through glass sky-lights in iron 
frames. 

The building is located beautifully in the northern por- 
tion of the park, with the south front facing the lagoon. It 
is separated from the lagoon by beautiful terraces, ornamented 
with balustrades, with an immense flight of steps leading 
down from the main portal to the lagoon, where there is a 
landing for boats. The north front faces the wide lawn and 
the group of State buildings. The immediate neighborhood 
of the building is ornamented with groups of statues, replica 
ornaments of classic art, such as the Choragic monument, 
the ;i Cave of the Winds," and other beautiful examples of 
Grecian art. The ornamentation also includes statues of 
heroic and life-size proportions. 

STATE BUILDINGS. 

Xext in order are the State buildings. The first one en- 
countered being that erected by the State of 

Maine. — The constructive materials of this building 
illustrate the resources of the State. It is octagonal in form 
with a ground area of 65 feet square. It is two stories in 
height, the roof surmounted by a lantern in the center and 
four corner towers, the first story is of granite. The exterior 
finish of the rest of the building is of wood and staff. The 
roof is of slate. The main entrance of the arched doorways 
faces the southeast. Over it projects a boats-bow. A railed 
gallery extends entirely around the rotunda, which gives a 
complete view of the building to the visitors. The interior 
finishing is very handsome. Directly west is the building 
erected by 

Vermont. — This structure is a very striking one, on the 

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right and left of the steps on the facade rise two shafts, on 
which are figures representing the industries of agriculture 
and quarrying. The visitor enters through a columned 
portico into a courtyard on the right and left of which are 
covered porches. Just off these are the reception rooms in 
front, and committe rooms in the rear. Marble from the prin- 
ciple quarrys of the State are used through the interior of the 
building which is Pompeiian in style and classic in detail. 
Directly north of the latter building is the 

New Hampshire Building,— A veritable Swiss cottage, 
no doubt suggested by the mountains, for which the State is 
famed. The exterior is pine above a foundation of New 
Hampshire granite. Each of the two stories is surrounded on 
all sides by wide piazzas, the rooms on the second floor open- 
ing to the piazza through hinged windows level with the floor. 
On the first floor is a reception hall containing two handsome 
fire places in pressed granite brick. There are also parlors 
for men and women. Next we come to the building con- 
structed by 

Connecticut.— This is a type of a Connecticut 
residence in the colonial style with circular windows on the 
north and south and a piazza in the rear. The exterior is 
painted yellow. The roof contains five dormar windows. 
The main entrance is off a square porch covered by the pro- 
jecting pediment which is supported by heavy columns. 
The interior is finished in colonial style with tiled floors, 
paneled walls and Dutch mantels. On the first floor is a 
large reception hall, in the rear of which is a landing half way 
up. Flanking the hall are parlors. Adjoining the Vermont 
building on the west is the building erected by 

Massachusetts.— It is in the colonial style, a reproduc- 
tion of the famous John Hancock residence, which until the 
year 1867 stood on Beacon Hill, Boston. The building is 
three stories high, surmounted in the center by a cupola. 
The exterior is of staff in imitation of cut granite. Directly 

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174 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 



north of the Massachusetts building is that erected by the 
State of 

Rhode Island. — This structure is Greek style with col- 
umnar porticos on four sides of the building, that on the 
west and front side semi-circular in plan, with arched opening 
between the Ionic pilasters, the latter being of the full height 
of the two stories. The columns are surmounted by an en- 
riched Ionic entablature with decorated mouldings, modil- 
lians and dentils, and above the entablature the building is 
finished with balustrade surrounding the four sides of the 
roof, with ornamented urns over each pedestal in the balus- 
trade. The building has. a ground area of 32 by 59 feet, two 
stories high, in wood and staff, in imitation of granite. 
Entrance is had to the building from all sides from French 
windows opening to the floor. The main hall is 18 by 25 feet, 
and is open to the roof. The parlor for women and the sec- 
retary's office are on the first floor. On the second floor are 
two committee rooms and an alley around the main hall. The 
governors' room occupies what may be called the second 
story of the porch on the west front. All the floors are hard 
wood, and the interior is finished in cypress. 

The main entrance opens into a very spacious hallway 
with a tiled floor. Facing the entrance is a broad Colonial 
staircase leading to the second floor. An old fashioned 
bull's-eye window gives light to the stairway. On the 
right of the hall is a large room, constituting a registration 
room, post office and general reception room. The fittings 
and furnishings of this room are unique. Its marble floor, its 
tiled walls, uncovered beams, and its high mantle recall the 
old Dutch rooms found in Western Massachusetts or New 
York and Pennsylvania. On the left of the front door or 
main entrance, are two large parlors, which when thrown to- 
gether form a room 80 by 25 feet in size. A liberty pole, 85 
feet high, stands in the fore-court, and a gilded cod-fish serves 
as a vane on top of the cupola. The design has adhered closely 
to the old fashioned building which it is intended to repre- 

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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 175 

sent ; and will be quite attractive, as is will give a correct 
idea of the old Colonial style of mansion. 

Directly north of the latter structure is the New 
Jersey Building. 

Looking toward the lake the visitor sees the Iowa 
Building constructed in what is known as the Jackson 
Park Pavilion. It is a granite structure with a slate roof, 
77 by 123 feet in size. The new structure is on the west side 
of the pavilion and is 60 by 100 feet in size, and two stories 
high. It is wood and staff and the two structures combine 
harmoniously in the manner of a French chateau. In the 
new part are found reception rooms on the first floor and 
reading rooms etc., on the second floor. Next the visitor 
encounters the 

Wyoming Building built in the style of a modern club 
house. The first story contains a large hall extending to 
the roof with a gallery to the second floor. The second 
story contains toilet and retiring rooms for the ladies and 
gentlemen. The veranda 12 feet wide is upon the east and 
west sides. West of the Massachusetts Building is 

The New York Building, built according to the plans 
of Messrs. McKimm, Mead & White, architects, New York. 
The building covers an area of 14,538 feet, exclusive 
of terrace and porticos, which cover an additional area oi 
3,676 feet. The length of the building proper is 154 feet, 
including porticoes, 214 feet; extreme length at foundation 
line 214 feet, depth of main building 89 feet, greatest width 
106 feet, extreme depth on foundation line including terrace 
and steps, 142 feet, height from grade to main cornice, 63 
feet 2 inches, height to clear story cornice roof line, 77 feet 
5 inches, height of deck floor, between belvederes 81 feet, 
height of floors of belvederes, above grade, 83 feet, apex 
of tower roof, 96 feet. 

The building is in the style of the Italian Kenaissane, a 
villa in character, rectangular in form, approached on the 
south by a flight of fourteen steps, 46 feet wide, giving access 
to a grand terrace, 15 by 80 feet, from which the loggia or 

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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 177 

open vestibule, 46 feet by 17 feet 6 inches, is reached. In 
the selection of the style of the building, the architects and 
the Board of State Managers were guided by several condi- 
tions of climate and surroundings, and, after careful reflect- 
ion, believing that in the school of the Italian Renaissance 
the best opportunities exist for a successful comparison with 
the larger buildings of the Exposition, they decided to 
adopt the design. 

There is a roof garden composed of east and west porti- 
cos, 575 feet each, main roof, 9,840 feet, belvideres, 256 feet 
each, and connecting deck between belvideres, 704 feet 
the whole forming a triple terrace garden, decorated with 
orange trees set in enriched Italian terra cotta pots. The 
terrace is furnished with awnings, arbors, tables and chairs 
for hot weather use and lighted by electricity. 

The entrance to the building is flanked by the Barba- 
rine lions, recently cast in Eome, and selected in preference 
to the lions of the Villa Medici, which however fine, are 
inferior in size. 

The four pedestal lamps lighting the terrace are exact 
copies in bronze from antique examples in the Museum of 
Naples. 

West of the New York Building is 

The Pennsylvania State Building located on a 
delightful site near the Fifty-seventh Street entrance of the 
World's Columbian Exposition commanding a view of the 
lake and Art Palace. The style of the architecture is colon- 
ial, reproducing the salient features, and especially the his- 
toric clock tower of Independence Hall in Philadelphia in 
which visitors will find hung the old Liberty Bell which once 
" proclaimed liberty throughout the land" and thus fitly 
constitutes a landmark that will be a source of gratification 
to thousands of visitors. 

The Pennsylvania Building is constructed by Pennsyl- 
vania mechanics exclusively of Pennsylvania material. The 
first and second stories are composed of Philadelphia pressed 
brick. The floors are of native marble and woods, and the 

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178 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

walls are ornamented with wainscot panelings taken from 
Pennsylvania forests. This resting place for the citizens of 
the Keystone State at the Great Fair covers an area of 9,000 
square feet, while the broad and graceful piazzas by which it 
is surrounded will duplicate this space. The front entrance 
opens into a central rotunda 30 feet in diameter and 40 feet 
high. To the right and left are general reception rooms 
with toilet and dressing-room accessories. In the rear the 
exhibition room extends the entire width of the building. 
The walls are ornamented with the portraits of distinguished 
Pennsylvanians, and many rare documents and relics of his- 
torical interest are displayed. 

Stately and imposing as the exterior of this building is, 
its interior recesses are crowded with objects of absorbing 
interest not only to Pennsylvanians, but to the people of the 
entire world. Broad, winding staircases lead to the second 
story where the waiting-room and offices of the Executive 
Commissioner are located. Here is also a room devoted to 
the use of press correspondence, and another furnished with 
Pennsylvania newspaper files for the use of the general pub- 
lic. 

The doors and windows of the second floor open upon 
broad verandas admirably arranged for promenading and 
sight seeing, and outside staircases lead to the roof garden 
which besides furnishing a birdseye view of the grounds, is 
in itself a spot of floral loveliness and quiet retirement from 
the busy throng below. Here the sedate spinster or solemn 
merchant from the City of Brotherly Love can take her or 
his " otium cum dignitate" and put in practical force the 
application of the maxim " the proper study of mankind is 
man;" for below on the broad walks of the Exposition citi- 
zens of every clime pass wondering by. 

The entire Pennsylvania Building is supplied, under spe- 
cial contract, with ice water from the famous Hygeia Mineral 
Springs, of Waukesha, Wisconsin. 

Directly west of the Khode Island Building is that fur- 
nished by the state of Delaware. 

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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 179 

The Delaware Building constructed wholly of native 
wood and materials is 58 by 60 feet and a very picturesque 
structure, elaborately furnished. One room in the building 
is furnished in Colonial style, complete in every detail. 

North of the Pennsylvania Building is a Colonial 
structure erected by the state of 

West Virginia. All of the exposed material in this 
building is the product of the state. The main entrance is 
on the west on a platform porch. Above the entrance is the 
Coat of Arms of the state, in bas-relief. Within the 
entrance is a vestibule with rooms on either side. Beyond 
the vestibule is a large reception hall flanked by parlors. 
On the second floor are committee rooms and a large recept- 
ion hall. North of the West Virginia Building is the 
edifice built by the state of Montana. 

The Montana Building is in the Romanesque style of 
architecture, one story* in height but having a ground area oi 
62 feet front by 113 feet deep. The structure is frame covered 
with staff, the interior being ornamented with heavy 
pilasters with Roman caps and bases and Roman arches. 
The building is surmounted by a glass dome 22 feet in diam- 
eter. Above the entrance arch is the figure of a gigantic 
elk. The interior is finised in Georgia pine. 

The visitor next passes the buildings erected by the states 
of Arizona, New Mexico and Idaho. 

The Utah Building comes next in order. It is two 
stories high and has an area of 46 by 82 feet. The founda- 
tion, columns, pilasters and cornices are made in imitation 
of the different kinds of stone in Utah. This building 
simple in design but attractive in its effect is a noticeable 
State building. Facing the West Virginia Building on the 
west are the structures erected by the State of Kentucky, 
Louisiana and Alabama. 

The Missouri Building is directly north of the 
Alabama Building. It is two stories high and covers an 
area of 80 by 86 feet. In the front and over the main 
entrance is an eliptical dome 70 feet high, flanked by smaller 



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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. l8l 

octagonal domes 48 feet high. The main entrance is of cut 
brown stone from the quarries at Warrensbury, Mo. The 
balance of the structure is frame, covered with staff. With- 
in the main entrance is a rotunda with a mosaic tile floor. 
Two flights of stairs in oak, lead to the second floor. The 
building contains 32 rooms and is very handsome. The 
interior is richly decorated. 

The Minnesota Building is located adjoining the struc- 
ture just described on the west. It is designed in the Italian 
Kenaissance style and is two stories high. In the recess 
within the entrance is a sculptural group symbolizing the 
legend of Minnehaha and Hiawatha. The building erected 
by the State of 

Arkansas is next to the Minnesota Building on the 
north. It is in the French Kococo style of architecture. 
The building has a ground area of 66 by 92 feet. From a 
large circular veranda, which runs the width of the build- 
ing and elliptical entrance opens to the rotunda, lighted 
by a central dome. Opening from the rotunda, by triple 
arches, is the hallway with stairways on each side. The 
mantel work, columns and vases are of Arkansas white 
onyx. One of the most unique of the State buildings is that 
erected by 

Florida. — This building is a reproduction in miniature 
of Fort Marion in St. Augustine in the form of a four-bas- 
tioned fortress. The frame is of pine covered with plaster 
and coquina shells in imitation of the original. The interior 
is divided into parlors and exhibit rooms and is finished in 
the native woods of Florida. The interior court is planted 
in bamboo, lemon, orange, and other tropical trees. 
Directly opposite the Florida Building is the 

Kansas Building.— It is two stories high built of 
frame and staff and surmounted by an elliptical glass dome. 
The main exhibit occupies nearly all of the first floor. Four 
flights of stairs lead to the second floor where there are rooms 

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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 183 

for the woman's exhibit, school exhibit and parlors. South 
of this structure is the 

North Dakota Building.— From a court-yard in front 
the main assembly room is entered through a large stone arch, 
above which is a carved panel containing the coat of arms of 
the state. The main feature of the interior is the assembly 
hall. This room is spanned by four arched beams, between 
each of which is a window, reaching from near the floor to 
the roof. At either end of the room is a broad fire-place. 
The structure is two* stories high. 

The Nebraska Building — Is classical in architecture 
of the Corinthian order- It is immediately south of the North 
Dakota building. It has a ground area of 60 by 100 feet and 
is two stories high. On the east and west front are wide por- 
ticos, approached by flights of steps. Over the porticos are 
projecting gables, supported by six columns. From each 
portico, three doors of oak, give entrance to the exhibit hall. 
On the first floor are reception room, office, baggage room 
and post office. A wide stairway leads to the second floor 
where are parlors and toilet rooms. 

North of the Kansas Building is the Texas Building 
provided entirely by the women of that state. The building 
contains an assembly room fifty-six feet square, twenty-eight 
feet high, provided with large art glass skylight in the ceiling 
with a mosaic Texas star in the Center. The rostrum, ante- 
rooms, etc., will be finished in the natural woods of Texas. 

There are rooms for a bureau of information, register, 
messenger, telephone, telegraph, secretary, president, direc- 
tors, Texas Press Association headquarters, lady secretary, 
president and executive committee, lobby, historical museum 
and library; also toilet rooms, county collective exhibits, etc. 
The main entrances are through vestibules, flanked on either 
side by niches and colonades. The main vestibules terminate 
in a large auditorium, from which entrance is afforded to the 
various working departments above mentioned. 

In the treatment of the design the architect has not de- 
flected from the history of the Lone Star State, which from 



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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1 85 

the initial has been marked by a Spanish tinge whose architec- 
tural feeling and beautiful botanical effects lay down a chain 
of thought far too beautiful to forsake for that of this modern 
day. Therefore, the architect has designed the building, 
colonacles, grounds, fountains, foliage, etc., to present a 
Spanish vista, a bower of beautiful Texas foliage, comprising 
the banana, palm, magnolia, pomegranate, Spanish dagger, 
orange and many rare tropical plants common to Texas. 

Entering the grounds at 57th Street from the cable cars 
and the South Park entrance of the Illinois Central Railroad, 
the visitor first sees the 

Washington Building. — This building consists of a 
main structure with a pitched roof, two stories high with a 
tower in each corner flanked by two wings. The principal 
architectural feature is the foundation. It is made of five 
tiers of logs, the lower tier are four feet in diameter and 121 
feet long. The lower logs have the bark on. The four upper 
tiers of smaller logs are peeled. This foundation constitutes 
the timber exhibit from Washington. The roof is of shingles 
and the interior is finished in cedar and fir. South of this 
building is that erected by 

South Dakota. The building has a grand area of 70 by 
126 feet, and is two stories high. The structure is frame, 
the exterior being covered with Yankton cement in imita- 
tion of stone work. The roof is corrugated iron and the cor- 
nice and brackets are pressed zinc. The main entrance is on 
the east, along which front extends a wide porch with heavy 
columns supporting a balcony from the second story. On 
the left of the entrance is the women's parlor, on the right 
the men's reception room. In the main body of the building 
is the exhibition hall, 44 by 58 feet. South of the latter is the 

Colorado Building. This building is in the Spanish 
Rennaissance,this style of architecture being considered most 
suitable for the Southwestern States. The whole exterior of 
the building is in staff of an ivory color, and the salient feat- 
ures of the design are profusely ornamented, the ornamenta- 
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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 187 

of the building. The striking feature of the design is two 
slender Spanish towers 98 feet high, rising from either side 
of the main entrance, on the east. The tower roof and the 
broad over-hanging roof of the building are covered with red 
Spanish tiles. The building is 125 feet long, including end 
porticos, with a depth of 45 feet, and 26 feet to the cornice 
line. The front vestibule opens to the main hall of the build- 
ing. On either side of the entrance are stairways to the floor 
above. Looking in a southeasterly direction from the Color- 
ado Building the visitor sees the 

Michigan Building. The legislature of Michigan ap- 
propriated $20,000 for their State Exposition Building, but 
most of the materials were contributed so that the structure 
as it stands represents an outlay of $50,000. The dimensions 
are 100 by 140 feet. The prominent features of the exhibition 
will be fruits, agricultural products, iron, copper, salt and 
other minerals, lumber, fish, furniture and other manufac- 
tures and education. These plans the visitor will find very 
fully carried out. On the first floor are the administration 
offices, reception rooms, reading rooms and ladies parlors. 
On the second floor are two large exhibition halls for Michi- 
gan relics, and native curiosities, assembly halls and a room 
for board meetings. Adjoining the Michigan Building on 
the east is the 

Ohio Building.— -The building is Colonial in style, two 
stories high, of wood and staff with tile roof. The ground 
area is 100 feet front by 80 feet deep The main entrance, on 
the east is within a semi-circular colonial portico, 33 feet high 
the roof supported by eight great columns. The tile roof, man- 
tles, finishing woods, and much of the visible material are gifts 
of the Ohio producers. The main entrance opens on a lobby, 
on the left of which is the woman's parlor, and on the right a 
committee roonio Occupying the central portion of the build- 
ing is the reception hall, 23 by 36 feet and 28 feet high, ex- 
tending through to the roof. The coved ceiling of the hall is 
ornamented, Back of the reception hall is an open court 36 
feet sqaure, inclosed on three sides,, . 

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l88 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICACO AND 

The Wisconsin Building— Is located directly south of 
the Ohio building. In architecture this building represents 
the Wisconsin home, being designed in no special style. All 
the visible material comes from Wisconsin. The exterior is 
of Ashland brown stone, Menominee pressed brick, and hard 
woods from various sections of the state. The roof ia cov- 
ered with dimension shingles. It is practically three stories 
high, but apparently only two, one story being in the roof. 
Its ground area is 80 by 90 feet, exclusive of the verandas 
on the east and west which are 18 feet wide. Proceeding 
southward the visitor sees the 

Indiana Building.— The building is in French Gothic 
style of architecture such as is seen in the chateau in France, 
with two imposing towers 120 feet high and many gothic 
gables. The building has three stories built of pine and Bed- 
ford stone, and is covered with ornamental staff. The roof is 
of gray and red shingles. The floors are of tile. The main 
assembly hall on the first floor is elaborately finished in the 
baronial style. All the material used in the building comes 
from Indiana. Directly opposite the Indiana building on 
the west is the 

California Building. — Next to the building for Illi- 
nois, this is the largest of the State buildings. Its dimens- 
ions are 144 by 435 feet. It is in the style of architecture of 
the old California mission buildings. The exterior is of 
plain plaster, artificially seamed and cracked, giving it the 
appearance of the old mission buildings, while recessed en- 
trances give the walls that appearance of depth and solidity 
characteristic of the old buildings. The south front is a re- 
production of the old Mission church at San Diego. The 
main tower is an exact reproduction of the San Diego church 
tower, while the remaining towers on the corner and center 
of the building are studied from the mission architecture. 
This building is not of the club-house character of most of 
the other State buildings. The entire first floor is open, and 
is devoted to the California State display, principally of 
fruits and canned goods. There are three fountains on the 

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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 189 

ground floor, one in the center and one at either end. The 
central hall is surrounded by a wide gallery, and on the gallery 
floor in the north end of the building is the banquet hall, a 
kitchen and an assembly room. In the south end are four 
servants' rooms and there is a cafe in the gallery. The build- 
ing is severely plain there being no interior or exterior deco- 
rations of any kind. 

After the Indiana building has been viewed, the visitor 
next turns his attention to the 

Illinois.— Dimensions, 160 by 450 feet. Floor area, 32 
acres. Cost 8250.000. Height of dome, 234 feet. Architects, 
Boyington & Co., of Chicago. Material, 3,000,000 feet of 
lumber, 1,300,000 pounds of iron. 

This building is by far the most pretentious of the State 
buildings, and can be classed as one of the great Exposition 
structures. The plan of the building forms a Greek cross, 
whose main axis is 450 feet long by 160 feet wide, and lies 
east and west w T hile the shorter axis is 285 feet long with an 
average width of 98 feet. At the intersection of the arms of 
the cross rises the dome, with a diameter of 75 feet at the 
base, and a height of 152 feet to the top of the inner 
dome. This dome has, besides a gallery, 15 feet above 
the floor, that runs around the main hall, another 96 
feet above the floor, reached by two circular stairs. 
At the east and west are two large public entrances, 
at either side of which are rooms extending the 
entire width of the building, and about 29 feet deep, occupy- 
ing the whole height, which is divided into three stories. 
The rooms at the east end are chiefly used for school exhibi- 
tion purposes, a large one on the ground floor being fitted up 
as a model kindergarten. Beyond this extends the great ex- 
hibition hall, 381 feet long, the central portion, 75 feet wide, 
being flanked by aisles 40 feet wide The central division 
is lighted by windows and by roof lights, it being 
67 feet from the floor to the roof. The hall has a con- 
tinuous gallery 16 feet wide and 15 feet above the floor. The 

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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 191 

aisles are lighted by large seiiii-cireular windows on the side 
walls. The southern part of the short arm of the cross is 
121 feet wide, and extends 75 feet beyond the walls of the 
main building. The lines of its cornice, being extended 
back across the main building, for the external base from 
which the dome springs. Its three stories are sub-divided 
into rooms, halls, corridors, etc. This is the official part of 
the building, where the Govenor of the state and his suite 
and the members of the Board of Commissioners meet to 
transact business. Some of the rooms have been set aside 
for the accomodation of the Woman's Board, The northern 
arm of the cross is a fire-proof building, 75 feet wide and ex- 
tending 50 feet beyond the main building. Its walls are 
brick, covered with "staff"; its roof is galvanized iron and 
glass, supported by steel trusses. This building is called the 
Memorial Hall and is intended to contain memorials of the 
state that are now preserved in the State Capitol at Spring- 
field. 

The design of the building is an adaption of Italian Re- 
naissance. The exterior accentuates the plan and construc- 
tion of the building, no seemingly construction feature be- 
ing added for effect. Advantage has been taken of the plas- 
tic character of the outside covering in a lavish use of orna- 
ment, the solids, as a rule, being highly enriched, with here 
and there a severe treatment for contrast. The base of the 
dome rises from a series of steps, upon which is a double 
support to the drum, the outer one being an order of Corin- 
thian columns, the inner being a wall pierced by windows. 
Above the entablature rises the drum, which is covered 
with galvanized iron; the trusses are accented on the out- 
side by prominent ribs, and the intermediate spaces are 
paneled. 

A round lantern on top, 12 feet in diameter and 35 feet 
high, is the crowning feature. 

Leaving the Illinois Building and proceeding southward 
the visitor next encounters the 

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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 193 

Woman's Building. — Among a great number of sketches 
submitted in competition for this building by women from 
all over the land, the President of the Board of Lady Mana- 
gers quickly discovered in the sketch submitted by Miss So- 
phia G, Hayden that harmony of grouping and gracefulnes 
of details which indicate the architectural scholar, and to 
her was awarded the first prize of a thousand dollars and 
also the execution of the design. 

Directly in front of the building the lagoon takes the 
form of a bay about 400 feet in width. From the center of 
this bay a grand landing and staircase leads to a terrace six 
feet above the water. Crossing this terrace other staircases 
give access to the ground four feet above, on which, about 
100 feet back, the building is situated. The first terrace is 
designed in artistic flower beds and low shrubs. The 
principal facade has an extreme length of 400 feet, the depth 
of the building being half this distance. Italian Renaissance 
is the style selected. 

The first story is raised about ten feet from the ground 
line and a wide staircase leads to the center pavilion. This 
pavilion, forming the main triple-arched entrance, with an 
open colonade in the second story, is finished with a low 
pediment enriched with a highly elaborate bas-relief. The 
corner pavilions have each an open colonade added above 
the main cornice. Here are located the Hanging Gardens. 

A lobby 40 feet wide leads into the open rotunda, 70 by 65 
feet, reaching through the height of the building and pro- 
tected by a richly ornamented skylight. This rotunda is 
surrounded by a two-story open arcade, as delicate and chaste 
in design as the exterior, the whole having a thoroughly 
Italian courtyard effect, admitting abundance of light to all 
rooms facing this interior space. On the first floor are lo- 
cated, on the left hand, a model hospital ; on the right a model 
kindergarten ; each occupying 80 by 60 feet. 

The whole floor of the south pavilion is devoted to the 
retrospective exhibit; the one on the north end to reform 
work and charity organization. Each of these floors is 80 by 

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200 feet. The curtain opposite the main front contains the 
Library, Bureau of Information, records, etc. 

In the second story are located ladies' parlors, committee 
rooms and dressing-rooms, all leading to the open balcony in 
front. The whole second floor of the north pavilion encloses 
the great assembly-room and club-room. The first of these is 
supplied with an elevated stage for the accommodation of 
speakers. The south pavilion contains the model kitchen 
refreshment rooms, reception rooms, etc. 

The building is encased with " staff;" the same material 
used on the rest of the buildings, and as it stands with its 
mellow, decorated walls bathed in the bright sunshine, the 
women of the country can be justly proud of the result. 

Looking further southward the eye of the visitor meets 
the beautiful dome of the 

Agricultural Building— Immediately south of the 
entrance to Jackson Park from the Midway Plaisance, and 
facing east on the lagoon, is the 

Horticultural Building— In front is a flower terrace 
for outside exhibits including tanks for Nymphaea and the 
Victoria Kegia. The front of the terrace, with its low para- 
pet between large vases, borders the water, and at its center 
forms a boat landing. 

The building is LOCO feet long with an extreme width of 
250 feet. The plan is a central pavilion with two end pavil- 
ions, each connected with the central one by front and rear 
curtains, forming two interior courts, each 88 by 270 feet. 
These courts are beautifully decorated in color and planted 
with ornamental shrubs and flowers. The center of the pa- 
vilion is roofed by a crystal dome 18? feet in diameter and 113 
feet high, under which are exhibited the tallest palms, bam- 
boos and tree ferns that can be procured. There are galler- 
ies in each of the pavilions. The galleries of the end pavil- 
ions are designed for cafes, the situation and surroundings 
being particularly adapted to recreation and refreshment. 
These cafes are surrounded by an arcade on three sides from 
which charming views of the grounds can be obtained. 

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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 197 

In this building are exhibited all the varieties of flowers, 
plants, vines, seeds, horticultural implements, etc. Those ex- 
hibits requiring sunshine and light are shown in the rear 
curtains where the roof is entirely of glass and not too far 
removed from the plants. The front curtains and space under 
the galleries are designed for exhibits that require only the 
ordinary amount of light. Provision is made to heat such 
parts as require it. 

The exterior of the building is in "staff" tinted in a 
soft, warm buff, color being reserved for the interior and the 
courts. 

The cost of this building is about $300,000. W. L. B, 
Jenny, of Chicago, is the architect. 

Midway between the Woman's and Horticultural build- 
ings is the 

White Star Line Exhibit— A magnificnt showing of 
models of ocean greyhounds and machinery used in facilitat- 
ing ocean passage. East of the latter is the 

Puck Building.— This structure was erected by the pro- 
prietors of Puck, the comic newspaper, published in New 
York. In this building is exhibited a gallery of those cele- 
brated cartoons which have made the paper famous. Cur- 
rent issues of the paper are printed on the grounds. 

Directly west of the Horticultural Building and side by 
side are the Green Houses and the Official Photograph- 
er's Studio. Southward, and in close proximity to the lat- 
ter is the 

Choral Building, a beavtiful structure and the Office 
of The Grounds and Buildings. Leaving the Choral 
Building and crossing the lagoon on to the Wooded Island 
the visitor can visit the Hunter's Camp, at the southern end 
of the island. Traversing the entire length of the island he 
arrives at the building errected by 

Japan — The chief exhibit of Japan is the reproduction 
of the ancient Phoenix Temple of ISTji. In shape the building 
represents a Phoenix. The centre forms the body of the bird, 
the rear corridor the tail and the two collonades at the sides 

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the wings. It is built of wood and carved in the curious 
style of the Japanese. The interior is decorated with panels 
inlaid with the mother-of-pearl. The doors, walls and altars 
are gorgeously ornamented. Proceeding eastward and crossing 
the lagoon the visitor now finds himself at the Fisheries 
Building. 

The Fisheries Building embraces a large central struc- 
ture with two smaller polygonal buildings, connected with 
it on either end by arcades. The extreme length of the 
building is 1,100 feet and the width 200 feet. It is located to 
the northward of the United States Government Building. 

In the central portion is the general fisheries exhibit. 
In one of the polygonal buildings is the Angling exhibit and 
in the other, the aquaria. The exterior of the building is 
Spanish Bomansque, which contrasts agreeably in appear- 
ance with that of the other buildings. 

To the close observer the exterior of the building cannot 
fail to be exceedingly interesting, for the architect, Henry 
Ives Cobb, exerted all his ingenuity in arranging innumer-. 
able forms of capitals, modillions, brackets, cornices, and 
other ornamental details, using only fish and other sea 
forms for his motive of design. The roof of the building is of 
old Spanish tile, and the side walls of pleasing color. The 
cost is about $200,000. 

In the center of the polygonal building is a rotunda sixty 
feet in diameter, in the middle of which is a basin or pool 
twenty-six feet wide, from which rises a towering mass of 
rocks covered with moss and lichens. From clefts and crevi- 
ces in the rocks, crystal streams of water gush and drop to 
the masses of reeds, rushes and ornamental semi-aquatic 
plants in the basin below. In this pool gorgeous gold fishes, 
golden ides, golden tench and other fishes disport. From 
the rotunda one side of a larger series of aquaria may be 
viewed. These are ten in number and have a capacity of 
7,000 to 27,000 gallons of water. 

Passing out of the rotunda, a great corridor or arcade is 
reached, where on one hand can be viewed the opposite side 

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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 201 

of the series of great tanks, and on the other a line of tanks 
somewhat smaller, ranging from 750 to 1,900 gallons each in 
capacity. The corridor, or arcade is about 15 feet wide, the 
glass fronts of the Aquaria are in length about 575 feet and 
have 3,000 square feet of surplus. 

The total water capacity of the Aquaria, exclusive of 
reservoirs, is 18,725 feet, or 140,000 gallons. This weighs 
1,192,425 pounds, or almost 600 tons. Of this amount about 
40,000 gallons is devoted to the Marine exhibit. In the 
entire salt water circulation, including reservoirs, there are 
about 80,000 gallons. The pumping and distributing plant 
for the Marine Aquaria is constructed of vulcanite. The 
pumps are in duplicate, and each has a capacity of 3,000 gal- 
lons per hour. The supply of sea water was secured by 
evaporating the neccessary quantity at the Wood's Holl 
station of the United States Fish Commission to about one- 
fifth its bulk, thus reducing both quantity and weight for 
transportation about 86 per cent. The fresh water required 
to restore it to its proper density was supplied from Lake 
Michigan. 

The classification of this department is intended to 
admit of the display in the buildings erected for the purpose, 
of material and collections illustrative of the commercial 
fisheries, fish culture, angling, and scientific investigation 
bearing upon the inhabitants of the seas, lakes and rivers. 
It is the object and purpose of this department to illustrate 
in the fullest and most graphic manner the present condition 
of the world's fisheries, and also their history, at least for 
the past 400 years. It is expected to show, practically side 
by side, the primitive methods and appliances used by un- 
civilized man, and the highest specialized apparatus and 
methods of fishing which the science and intelligence of 
modern nations have produced. 



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IV. 

MIDWAY PLAISANCE. 

Instructive, as well as entertaining, are the many and 
varied features of Midway Plaisance. Entering the south- 
eastern corner of the Plaisance, from the Exposition grounds, 
the visitor first encounters the exhibit illustrating the 
Irish Cottage Industries. 
Here the arts of weaving, spinning, dyeing and embroid- 
ery are shown by Irish peasants. The various processes of 
lace-making is another interesting feature of this exhibit, as 
is also the arts of glass-staining and wood-carving. It is said 
that the product of these arts compares favorably with those 
of English and Belgian workmen. There is also a model 
dairy, where Irish lasses are to be seen churning and making 
butter. Next to the Irish exhibit is that of the 
Adams Express Company. 
Northward of the latter is the 

Bohemian Glass Factory. 
In this building, numbers of busy workmen, from their 
native country, illustrate, practically, the processes of mak- 
ing Bohemian glass. Adjoining this is the 
Fire and Guard Station. 
Passing under the elevated tracks of the Illinois Central 
Railroad, the visitor encounters on the north side of the cov- 
ered walk, the building erected by the 

Libbey Glass Company. 
Here is illustrated the different methods of manufactur- 
ing American cut glass. The building cost $75,000 and con- 
tains a sixteen-pit furnace and appliances for cutting, etch- 

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204 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

ing engraving and decorating. A large display of cut glass 
is also to be seen. The company has a large working force 
constantly engaged in the practical demonstration, of making 
cut glass. Adjoining this exhibit are the 

Japanese Bazaars. 

These Bazaars cover a space of over 200 feet square. 
Here are illustrated the manners and customs of the Japanese 
people. Quantities of their merchandise are on exhibition 
and for sale. The Bazaars are directly under the manage- 
ment of the Imperial Japanese Commission. Directly 
opposite the bazaars is the 

Animal Show. 

This entertaining spectacle demonstrates the ability of 
of man to subdue and train wild animals. It is a German en- 
terprise, under the management of the famous trainer, Carl 
Hagenbach. There is a performing troupe of animals, who 
seem to form one happy family. Exhibitions are given dur- 
ing the day. Adjoining the animal show on the east is the 
exhibit of the 

VENICE MURANO COMPANY. 

Showing the wonderful glass work done on the Venetian 
isle of Murano. This work is the result of the joint labors of 
Dr. Salviati of Venice and Lorenzo Kadi, Muranese glass- 
blowers. These have suceecled in restoring an industry, 
abandoned in the eighteenth century that of producing mosaic 
glass. To the south of the Venice Murano Company is the 
station of the 

BARRE SLIDING RAILROAD. 

This is a French invention and is peculiar in the fact 
that the cars have no wheels. In place of wheels, a shoe sets 
over the rails which is water-tight. Behind each shoe is con- 
nected a pipe in which is water at a pressure of 150 pounds. 
The water is forced under the shoe and produces a film, which 
raises the train about one-sixteenth of an inch. Connected 
with every second car, is a turbine motor, which gets 7 *'d 
water power from a main pipe extending the entire length of 
the road, although application is made every fifty feet. A 

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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 205 

speed of over 100 miles per hour is attained. Westward from 
the Japanese bazaars is the 

JAVANESE VILLAGE, 

Covering a large space on the northern side of the Plais- 
ance. The Javanese Settlement sets forth, in a practical way, 
the habits and customs of these people. There is also on 
exhibition of the merchandise produced by the inhabitants 
of the Island of Java, much of which is on sale. Perform- 
ances are also given showing the different modes of enter- 
tainment among these people. Next to the Javanese Village 
is the 

GERMAN. VILLAGE. 

In the center of the space devoted to the German Village 
stands the castle, typical of the Fifteenth Century. To the 
left the visitor will see the Hessian town hall with its wood- 
carved outer staircase. Opposite this is a Black Forest peas- 
ant home and near at hand the typical Westphalian dwelling. 
Clustered about are houses representing the different sections 
of Germany all combined in one village. In the castle there 
is on exhibition old armor and pictures. Adjoining the 
castle there is a German restaurant and wine-room. To add 
to the general Teutonic effect concerts are given twice every 
flay. Opposite the German Village are the Turkish Village, 
Panorama of the Bernese Alps and the Natatorium. 

THE TURKISH VILLAGE 

Consists of a large building of Byzantine architecture, sur- 
rounded by high walls and surmounted by hundreds of little 
cupolas perforated to give light to the interior. The interior 
presents a network of arcaded streets flanked by columns 
and pilasters— a genuine Turkish city with mosques, fount- 
ains and squares. Every street within the enclosure forms a 
bazaar. Moving about in picturesque confusion are the peo- 
ple of the Orient— Turkish men and women, eunuchs, derv- 
ishes, Jews, Greeks and Caucasians. 

PANORAMA OE THE BERMESE ALPS. 

The work of painting the beautiful cyclorama of the 
Berense Alps was jointly performed by three artists of Ge- 

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WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 207 

neva and completed after two years of labor. The visitor is 
supposed to be on the Maennlichen and looking out over 
peaks and valleys. Around him are ranged the famous 
peaks of the Jungfrau, Juna, Shreckhorn, Wetterhorn and 
Thun. It is a faithful reproduction of the original Alpine 
scene. 

NATATORIUM. 

This is a building 190x250 feet. In connection with the 
Natatorium is a Viennese cafe and bakery. 

After leaving the Turkish Village the next spectacle 
that greets the eye is the beautiful 

MOORISH PALACE. 

This building is the counterpart of an ancient Moorish 
temple. The decorations and appointments are perfect in 
every detail. Among the many beauties of the interior may 
be mentioned the Palm garden, copied after that of the famous 
Alhambra at Granada. As the visitor steps into the garden 
he seems to see endless rows of palms shading countless 
figures in the Moorish garb. It iz really only the result of a 
clever arrangement of mirrors. Opposite the Moorish Pal- 
ace is 

A STREET IN CAIRO. 

This is a veritable and faithful reproduction of an Egyp- 
tion street with its attendant bazaars and shops. There are 
also mosques and dancing halls which will give the visitor a 
perfect idea of the religious and social habits of these people. 
Here is also erected a counterpart of the original Temple of 
Luxor. To make this feature more complete the mummies, 
historically correct, representing the ancient Kings of Egypt, 
are to be seen. Under the temple are two tombs one repre- 
senting the tomb of Ti, of the eighth dynasty, about 5,000 
years ago ; the other is one of the sarcophagi of " Sacred 
Bulls." 

There are curiosities from Arabia and the Soudan as well 
as from Cairo and Alexandria. Immediately in front of the 
Cairo street is the 

Persian Concession. 
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208 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

And adjoining- the former is the section, devoted to 
Tunis and Algiers. 

Here are introduced the features peculiar to these coun- 
tries. Directly in frontrises the stupendous 
Ferris Wheel. 

This attraction is a wheel 250 feet in diameter. Hung 
from the wheel, at different points, on the perimeter are cars 
for passengers. When the wheel turns on its axis, it carries 
the passengers in the cars, up within a foot of the height of 
the dome of the Administration Buiding. From the windows 
of the cars the whole panorama of the Exposition grounds 
can be seen. The structure weighs 4,300 tons and is capable 
of carrying 2,160 persons. On the opposite side of the pass- 
ageway, the visitor comes across another of the many fire 
and guard stations and directly behind it a - 
Chinese Tea House. 

Where he can a have genuine cup of tea, after the manner 
of the inhabitants, of the Flowery Kingdom. Next comes the 
French Cider Press. 

Then a wonderful and most interesting model of 
St. Peters Cathedral. 

Directly in the rear of the latter the visitor will find the 
Ice railway. 

A genuine winter attraction maintained through the heat 
of summer. This will be done artificially by means of ice 
machinery, which will keep up a constant accumulation of ice. 
On the same side of the Plaisance and directly West of the 
of the fire and guard station, just passed, is the 
Austrian Village. 

This exhibit is a representation of a well known section 
of a street in Vienna, called Der Graben. A large number of 
pretty Austrian girls have been imported for the express pur- 
pose of selling the leather and metal wares, meerschaum and 
amber goods, manufactured in the village. Across the cov- 
ered walk the visitor can view the mammoth panorama of the 

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WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 209 

YOL( : A.N O O F Kl LA UEA . 

Anyone viewing this panorama, does so apparently, from 
an island, within what is supposed to be the greatest crater 
in the world, that of the volcano of Kilauea. at Hawaii. By 
means of the painting aided by electrical appliances and 
effects, the visitor will be made to easily imagine, that boil- 
ing lava, smoke and flame are about him on every hand. Im- 
mediately adjoining the panorama is the 
Morocco Exhibit. 
* This section will simply represent Morocco, after the 
manner of the exhibits of other countries. Immediately west 
of the Morocco exhibit is the. 

Chinese Village and Theatre. 

Illustrating Chinese customs and manners and especially 
the way in which a play is produced, with all the dramatic 
realism of the celestial playwright. The 
Captive Balloon 

Next claims the visitors attention, on the same side of 
Plaisance and immediately adjoining the Chinese Village. 
Directly opposite is the 

Dahomey Village. 

Consisting of a settlement of about fifty natives, ruled 
over by a King and several chiefs. , These Natives will keep 
up the customs of their native land, omitting, however, hu- 
man sacrifices, out of respect to our own institutions. They 
will also sell native merchandise, such as weapons, carvings 
and utensils. Next to the Dahome3 r Village, on the West, is 
an exact reproduction of an old 

POMPEIIAN HOUSE. 

Exactly as one might have appeared, before the des- 
truction of the city. There will be on exhibition works of 
art, etc., peculiar to the place and time. Opposite the visitor 
will come across a veritable 

VILLAGE OF AMERICAN INDIANS. 

A certain romance still clings to the noble red man, in 
spite of years of gradual subjugation by force of arms and 

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frontier whiskey. Even the average American finds some- 
thing to interest him in these aborigenes. Directly west of 
the latter attraction, is the exhibit illustrative of the people, 
manners and costumes of 

EAST INDIA. 

This will include jugglers, snake-charmers and astro- 
logers. A number of skilled workmen will produce the en- 
graved work, for which the country is noted. Directly 
opposite this last exhibit is the 

NATIONAL HUNGARIAN OEPHEUM. 

Finally the visitor arrives at the 

NUKSERY EXHIBIT. 

This is really a garden for which five acres have been set 
apart for a complete display of the flowers and fruits of all 
nations. This is instructive, as well as merely beautiful, as 
it enables the people of different states and countries to get 
new ideas on the higher cultivation of fruits and flowers. 
The visitor has now arrived at the western extremity of the 
Plaisance. 



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V. 
RANDOM NOTES. 
In 1892 a patent was issued to Jeremiah Bailey, of Penn- 
sylvania, for a mining machine, and he constructed two 
machines the same year. It is believed that these were the 
first ever made. Only two were ever made and one of them 
is still in existence, owned by Samuel Worth, of Marshall- 
ton, Pa. The knife of the machine is circular and has a com- 
bined rotary and forward motion. This exhibit will be 
found in the Agricultural Building. 



Spain sends one of the most interesting exhibits of the 
fair, comprising many articles and relics intimately asso- 
ciated with the life and voyages of the great discoverer. 
Some of the native arms sent by this exhibit go back 
several centuries in age. There is also a rare display of an- 
cient Spanish arms. 

" The mills of the gods grind slowly, " but the modern 
milling machinery grinds exceeding fast. The visitor who 
passes the exhibits of this class of machinery will notice that 
the speed attained is often 900 revolutions a minute. The 
Nordyke & Marmon Company, of Indianapolis. Ind., build- 
ers of flouring and corn milling machinery, have a complete 
and model exhibit in the northwest section of Machinery 
Hall annex. Those who desire to see the latest and most ap- 
proved patterns of flouring and milling machinery had better 
investigate those manufactured by the above company. Bran 
dusters, sieve scalpers, flour dressers, purifiers and all other 
machines necessary for milling can there be seen on exhibi- 
tion. 

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212 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

Commissioner Simonds of the Patent Office gave his per- 
sonal attention to the supervision of the exhibit of his office. 
Patent Office exhibits illustrate the marvelous rate of pro- 
gress in invention of the present age and the fostering in- 
fluence of the American patent system. There is a display 
of models in series, showing by comparison the types of all 
leading improvements in certain selected lines, from the 
germ to the perfect instrument or device. 



A. A. Kellogg of Clinton, Mo., has perfected an air ship 
as an exhibit at the fair. The machine will be 60 feet long 
and 20 feet w T ide; and in appearance will* be much like a 
side-wheel steamer and will carry three persons. 



The forestry exhibit of Massachusetts comprises forty- 
eeven varieties of trees found in that state. Each section of 
wood is three feet long and cut so as to show cross, oblique 
and longitudinal sections. 



Almost e\ r ery state in the union has contributed a tree 
trunk for the colonnade of the Forestry bull dins:. 



One of the exhibits in the Forestry Building is an im- 
mense walnut log, weighing 30,000 pounds. This is 15 feet < 
long, seven feet in diameter at the base and 64 inches in 

diameter at the top and was grown in Kansas. 

The American Bible Society have an exhibit in which 
appear copies of Bibles in more than 200 different languages. ' 



The Daily Columbian is the title of the orify official 
bulletin of the Columbian exposition. It is. an.. eight page.- 
morning paper unlike anything; seen before, five, pages con- 
sisting of a first page of The Times, Tribune*, Inter -Ocean,. 
Herald and Record, the other three pages containing the 
official orders and other matters of interest to the world's 
fair visitor. The first number of the Daily Columbian 
appeared May 1, 1893; 

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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 213 

The Philadelphia & Reading Co., has in their exhibit 
163 boxes of coal, made up of all varieties of coal mined. 
Also a complete collection of all tools used by miners in 
digging coal. 

An exhibit in the Department of Agriculture creates no 
little amount of interest among visitors. This is a complete 
distillery for the manufacture of bourbon whiskey on the 
grounds. It is a composite affair installed by a dozen firms, 
each of which manufactures apparatus for such plants; It 
is one story and a half high, the total installation costing 
approximately $100,000. The still is to be operated during 
the exposition and the entire product put in bond under 
arrangement with the several authorities. 

In the United States Government exhibit there are 640 
samples, each one distinct and separate, of every piece of 
paper money ever issued by the United States Government. 



The Edison tower of light is not only the central figure 
of the Electricity building, but one of the most attractive 
features of the fair. 



One hundred dummy horses and fifty manikins are used 
to illustrate the operations of the quartermaster's department ' 
of the United States. Each one of the model soldiers is fitted: 
up in the regulation army uniform worn by every grade of 
soldier in the service of the United States. 

The General Electric company have a contract for the 
most extensive storage battery charging plant in America. 
It will be used in running the electric launches on the lagoons 
and the electric fountain. 



An extraordinary piece of tapestry work is to be found 
in the Woman's building. It is four feet seven inches long 
by three feet ten inches wide and required five hundred and 

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seventy-six stitches to the square inch. It represents a scene 
from Henry Eighth and the faces are from historic paintings. 
It is the work of Mrs. H. J. Kimball, of New York and 
required twenty years to complete it. 



The ladies of Spain, organized under the presidency of 
Her Majesty, the Queen, prepared a very representative 
exhibit. They have collected the greatest number of objects 
that are the result of intellectual, artistic and industrial work 
of Spanish women. They have sent specimens of books, pam- 
phlets, journalistic collections, articles and manuscript writ- 
ten or published by women either in Castilian or any other 
dialect spoken in the peninsula or in its posessions ; also the 
musical compositions, original paintings in oil, pastel, water 
color, drawings, sculpture, carvings, engravings, plans, maps, 
a^nd scientific instruments and apparatus that are*the inven- 
tion of women. 



More than one-tenth of the space allotted to women in 
the Illinois state building will be devoted to needle work, 
plain and decorative. There will be shown infants ward- 
robes of all nationalities and of ancient and modern times. 



The chief motive power for the machinery at the Exposi- 
tion is supplied by a gigantic engine furnished free, by the 
E. P. Allis Co., of Milwaukee. The engine was furnished as 
a part of the company's exhibit upon the special contract 
provided it shall be used for the motive power and that no 
other engine of equal size shall be exhibited. It is an engine 
of the quadruple expansion type, of four thousand horse 
power. Compared with this engine the big Corliss exhibited 
at the Centennial is almost a dwarf, although it was then 
considered a great wonder, notwithstanding the fact it was 
only fourteen hundred horse power. The Allis exhibit re- 
presents an outlayof $175,000. 

Dolls and toys of every description are much desired by 
the committee of women interested in the children's building" 

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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 215 

at Jackson Park* It is in this home that little ones are cared 
for while their mothers visit the grounds and buildings. 



The Beeves Pulley Co., exhibit the largest pulley in the 
world. It is 18 feet in diameter and required one-half keg of 
nails, 100 pounds of glue and 2,800 pieces of wood to con- 
struct it. 



A unique exhibit is that sent by Baron Burdett Coutts of 
his famous breeding farm at Highgate. The model is 26 feet 
long by 21 feet high and shows the stables, a covered yard, the 
riding school, ladies gallery, the granary and a wide expanse 
of turf surrounded by a broad gravel track. 



A mammoth whale measuring 60 feet long and weighing 
75 tons is to be seen at the Fisheries building. It is the 
largest whale ever captured off the American coast. 

Roads and roadmaking, from the earliest to modern 
times, both in foreign lands and the United States, form an 
interesting exhibit at Jackson Park. 

Some idea of the extent in bulk of the German exhibit 
may be gathered from the fact that it has taken eighty-two 
railroad cars to bring to Chicago the contents of one single 
entry made in Baltimore for shipment to the World's Fair. 

At the Exposition there are restaurants and dining 
rooms in nearly all the main buildings. A dairy lunch is in 
the Dairy Building and a railroad lunch counter in the Trans- 
portation Building. There are six restaurants on the espla- 
nade facing the Manufacturer's Building on the lake shore. 
The capacity of the restaurants is about 30,000 persons per 
hour. 



Russia is making a fine exhibit in nearly all departments 
of the World's Fair. In the Woman's Department the na. 
tional costumes and picturesque dresses of the peasants will 
be shown. 

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2l6 AUTHENTIC GUIDE TO CHICAGO AND 

The Santa Maria, a reproduction of the flagship or Co- 
lumbus' fleet, will remain in the United States after the Expo- 
sition. The Spanish Government has officially tendered the 
reproduction to the Government of the United States. 



Models of the express steamships Normania, Fuerst, 
Bismarck, Augusta, Victoria and Columbia form part of the 
Hamburg-American Packet company's exhibit. 

The exhibit of an English salt concern will be a model in 
salt of Bartholdi's statue, i( Liberty Enlightening the 
World.*' 

The Government Department of Agriculture certainly 
has a marvelous agricultural exhibit. It includes ' full illus- 
trations of various insect depredations, a mammoth globe 
representing graphically the history of pleuro-pneumonia 
and its remarkable extermination in Americana model of the 
famous Death Valley with its strange fauna and flora, and a 
working set of a modern weather station's outfit. There is' 
also a complete and comprehensive collection of grains from 
Peace River in northern Canada, to Patagonia; from Russia 
to India, every seed picked by hand and the varieties ar- 
ranged in tasteful glass compartments with lables- indicating 
the name,, place, weight and effects of the soil and climatic 
conditions. There are about 2,000 samples of wheat, 1,000 of 
oats, 5,000 of rye, 3,000 of barley, 300 of buckwheat, 1,500 of 
corn (besides the exhibits of corn in the ear) and proportion- 
ate numbers of the various other grains and garden prod- 
ucts. 



121 

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